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Mendel and the Gene Idea (Recessive Alleles (cystic fibrosis (lethal…
Mendel and the Gene Idea
Two laws of Inheritance
The law of segregation
principle stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that the offspring acquire one factor from each parent
Thus an egg or a sperm gets only one of the two alleles that are present in the somatic cells of the organism making the gamete
segregation corresponds to the distribution of copies of the two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes to different gametes in meiosis
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Monohybrid Crosses
Multiplication Rule
states that to determine the probability we multiply the probability of one event by the probability of the other event
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Addition Rule
the probability that any one of the two or more mutuallly exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding their individual properties
Degree of Dominance
complete dominance
when the F1 offspring always looked like one of the two parental varieties because one allele in a pair showed over the other.
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incomplete dominance
neither allele is completely dominant and the f! hybrids have a phenotype somewhere in between those of the two parental varieties
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Recessive Alleles
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Carriers
phenotypically normal with regard to the disorder, heterozygotes may transmit the recessive allele from each parent
cystic fibrosis
lethal genetic disease that strikes one out of every 2,500 [people of european descent
the normal gene allele for this gene codes for a membrane protein that functions in the transport of chloride ions between certain cells
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Dominant Alleles
HUntington Disease
caused by the lethal dominant allele that has no obvious phenotypic effect until the individual is about 35 to 45 years old.
multifactorial disorders
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heart disease, diabetes, cancer, alcoholism, etc.