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Physics Revision - Past Topics (Energy (Conservation of Energy (Whenever…
Physics Revision - Past Topics
Energy
Conservation of Energy
Whenever we transfer energy, some of it is wasted.
Wasted energy spreads out (dissipates) and can't be used again.
Things only work when we transfer the energy.
Systems which reduce dissipation are more efficient.
BIG IDEA
:warning: Energy cannot be created or destroyed :warning:
Dissipation
Every energy transfer has wasted energy.
Most of this spreads out in the atmosphere
Making Electricity
Boiler --> Turbine --> Generator
The boiler generates heat, therefore generating steam.
The steam goes into the turbine and creates kinetic energy.
The generator creates electricity which is the final product.
Generating Electricity
:warning: Similarities between nuclear and coal :warning:
Both use turbines and generators.
Both use steam generated by hot water.
Both use a cooling tower to cool the boiled water down.
:warning: Differences between nuclear and coal :warning:
Expensive opposed to coal.
Not finite, but will last longer than coal..
Nuclear does not emit greenhouse gases.
Nuclear splits an atom and is incredibly dangerous
Geothermal Energy
- The use of hot water and steam deep underground in order to create energy.
Systems
A system is an object/group of objects that interact
Atomic Structure
Models of the Atom
Protons - Located in the nucleus. Positive (+1) charge. Relative mass of 1.
Neutrons - Located in the nucleus. Neutral charge. Relative mass of 1.
Electrons - Located on the outer shells. Negative (-1) charge. Relative mass of close to 0.
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
Particle Model
Solids - Solids are arranged in neat rows. They vibrate in a fixed position and cannot move freely..
Liquids - Liquids cannot be compressed and instead fit the shape of their container. They move round each other.
Gases - Gases are freely moving and move with no apparent order or rationality. They vibrate a lot and their particles spread out to fill an area.
pressure = force / area
Pressure (p) is measured in newtons per metre squared (N/m2)
force (F) is measured in newtons (N)
area (a) is measured in metres squared (m2)
Electricity
Forces
Waves
Space
