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Politics and power (Politics (personal characteristic that leads to…
Politics and power
Politics
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Political behavior: the set of activities that are not part of the formal role of an individual within an organization and tend to influence or attempt to influence the distribution of advantages or disadvantages among the employees of an organization.
increases the level of politics: realization that most of the facts that are used to allocate resources, are open to interpretation.
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illegitimate behaviour decrease when:
- behaviour is risky
- employees have limited
alternative job opportunities
- expectation of success for alternative job is low
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Individuals that perceive political behaviour as a threat and adopt defensive behaviours, face negative outcomes in their job performance.
Power tactics:
nine distinct influence tactics, can use multiple at the same time
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legitimacy
Legitimacy: Obedience to Authority (Milgram Experiment, 1964)
The experimenter had the
power, so he had the legitimate allowance to punish the experimenter
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rational persuasion, inspirational appeals and consultation are the most effective power tactics
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Power (potential, dependency): capacity that A has to influence B so that B behaves according to the wishes
of A
- Dependency: B’s relationship to A, when A possesses something that B requires
Dependency: the general dependency postulate suggests that the level of dependency of B on A determines the level of the power of A on B.
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The level of dependency is determined by the importance, scarcity or nonsubstitutability of a resource.
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Powerful people react especially negatively when there
are threats to their competence, they are even willing to denigrate others.
Power can also lead to overconfidence in decision making, but the toxic effects of power completely depend on the personality of the person.
Ethics and politics
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Powerful people could probably get away by
using well worded explanations and putting the organizations interests over others
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