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GENTAMICIN (Adverse drug reaction (severe retinal ischaemia (intra-ocular)…
GENTAMICIN
Adverse drug reaction
severe retinal ischaemia (intra-ocular); endotoxin reaction (IV); erythema, pruritus, photosensitivity (topical).
neurotoxicity (e.g. encephalopathy, confusion, lethargy, hallucinations, convulsions, mental depression)
atrophy or fat necrosis at inj sites; pain, hyperaemia, and conjunctival oedema (subconjunctival);
Hypersensitivity reactions, Blood dyscrasias, Purpura, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, increased aminotransferase and bilirubin serum levels;
Clinical use
They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage.
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Pharmacokinetics
Distribution
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Diffuses mainly into extracellular fluids; minimal penetration to ocular tissues; diffuses readily into the perilymph of the inner ear.
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Absorption
Poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Rapidly absorbed (IM). Time to peak plasma concentration: 30-60 min.
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Mechanism of action
Gentamicin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits resulting in a defective bacterial cell membrane.
Half life
2-4h, 1-2h (cystic fibrosis)