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Vascular plants without seeds (extant genera (lycopodium (club mosses),…
Vascular plants without seeds
Concepts
Dibionic life cycle
multicellular gametophyte
multicellular sporophyte
monbionitic
one multicellular generation
produces more spores
grows into gametophytes
interpopulation hypothesis
small sporophyte existence
zygotes germinated mitotically
transformation theory
postulates after dibionic life cycle
gametophytes & sporophytes larger
vascularized, more comlpex
early vascular plants
rhiniophytes
equal dichotomous branching
equal sized branch
equal size vigor
upright stem
no leaves
earliest fossil of vascular land plants
Cooksonia
has epidermis with cuticle
context of parenchyma
central cell wall
sporogenous
sporangium must open
opens spores
homosporous
no separate microbes
no megaspores
xylem structure: early vascular plants
protostele
center solid mass of xylem no pith
endarch prostele
protaoxylem in center
metaxylem outer edge of xylem mass
exarch protostele
metaxylem in center of xylem
protaoxylem edges of xylem
siphonostele
type of stele
pith is present in center
occurs in stems of ferns
seed plants
zosterophyllophytes
small herbs without secondary growth
sporangia we lateral
opened transversely along top edge
simplest plants today
grew in small bunches
characteristics similar to rhyniophytes
enation
outgrowth
microphylle line evolution: lycophytes
resemble zosterophyllophytes
lateral sporangia
morphology
elations are large
help with photosynthesis
"leaves"
single vascular tissue
lycophyta
true root
sporophytes anchor strongly
absorb efficiently
grows big
heterospory
cones & strobili
sporangia are clustered
some homospores
many heterospores
megametophytes
like micrometophytes
extant genera
common in forests
tropic regions to arctic
ground pines
lycopodium
club mosses
common species
reconstruction plant
200 living species
true roots & upright stems
grow in to bisexual gamesophytes
produces antheridia & archingonia
megaphyll line of evolution: Euphyllophytes
overtopping
trimerphytes have unequal branching
one stem more vigorous
pseudomonopdial branching
single main trunk
megaphylls
leaves that evolved from branch systems
telome theory
megaphyll evolution
telomes
ultimate twigs
sporophyll
produce sporangia
leaf-like structure
euphyllophytes
megophyllpus plants from monophyletic clade
monilophytes
2 sister clades
woody plants
lignophytes
equisetophytes
horsetails /scouring rushes
herbs with secondary growth
sporangiophores
5-10 groups umbrella shaped
ferns
habitats is everywhere
most many cell layer thick
diverge
leaf traces in siphonostele
leaves
leathery or delicate
small sleeve grouped together
leptosporangiate
make up leaf gap
