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Problem Solving and Creativity (FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PROBLEM SOLVING…
Problem Solving and
Creativity
UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM
Paying Attention to Important Information
Thoughts and emotion
Focus on the appropriate part
Methods of Representing the Problem
Symbol
Items
Diagram
Visual images
Situated Cognition, Embodied Cognition, and Problem Solving
Situated Cognition.
Physical and social context; real-life setting
Embodied Cognition
PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES
Algorithm
Heuristics
The Analogy Approach
The Structure of the Analogy Approach
surface features
structural features
problem isomorphs
Factors that Encourage Appropriate Use of Analogies
context
try similar problem
sort problems into categories
The Means-Ends Heuristic
subproblems
reduce the difference
The Hill-Climbing Heuristic
for short-time goals
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PROBLEM SOLVING
Expertise
Problem-Solving Strategies
Speed and Accuracy
Memory
Knowledge base
Metacognitive Skills
Mental Set
fixed mindset
growth mindset
Functional Fixedness
Gender Stereotypes and Math Problem Solving
Stereotype Threat
produce high arousal
hard to suppress the thought that they are supposed to perform poorly
Insight Versus Noninsight Problems
insight problem, the problem initially seems impossible to
solve, but then an alternative approach suddenly bursts into your consciousness
noninsight problem, you solve the problem gradually,
by using your memory, reasoning skills, and a routine set of strategies
CREATIVITY
Guilford’s Classic Approach to Creativity
divergent production
The Nature of Creativity
convergent thinking and divergent thinking
left hemisphere and right hemisphere
focused attention and defocused attention
The Relationship Between Extrinsic Motivation and Creativity
produce less creative object, unless if it provides useful feedback
Individual Differences: The Relationship Between Intrinsic
Motivation and Creativity
external motivation
self-efficacy
intrinsic motivation
perseverance