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Problem Solving & Creativity (Factors that Influence (Expertise…
Problem Solving & Creativity
Understanding
Problem
Paying
Attention
Problem:
Distracting thoughts
Wrong focus
Representing
Symbols
Matrices
Diagrams
Visual Images
Cognition
Situated
Helpful Info in
environment
Embodied
expressing abstract
thoughts using motor
Strategies
Analogy
What?
comparing with
Similar earlier problem
Widely used
Structure
Surface Features
Structural Features
Means-Ends
Components
Divide Problem
reduce difference between
initial and goal state
Hill-Climbing
Most Straightforward
What?
Choose choice most
directed to goal
Useful when
not enough info
Factors
that Influence
Expertise
What?
Exceptional
Skill & Performance
More Knowledge
Specific Memory
Skills
Use Means-Ends
Strategy Effectively
Faster& more Accurate
Self-Monitoring
Mental Set
What?
Keep trying
same Solutions
FIxed Mindset
Growth
Mindset
Functional
Fixedness
What?
Assign fixed
function to objects
Gender Stereotypes
Insight vs.
Noninsight
Insight
Initially impossible, then
initially solution bursts
noninsight
Solved Gradually
Problem Solving
When?
Components
Initial State
Goal State
Obstacles
Creativity
Guillford's
Classic Approach
Divergent
Production
Nature of
Creativity
Extrincic Motivation
& Creativity
EM reduces Creativity
What?
Finding novel & useful Solution