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Understanding The Problem (Methods of Representing the Problem (Symbol…
Understanding The Problem
Understanding
: you have
constructed a well-organized mental representation of the problem, based on both the information provided in the problem and your own previous experience
Paying Attention to Important Information
Attention
Memory
Decision Making
Effective problem solvers scan strategically, deciding which information is most important
Methods of Representing the Problem
Problem Representation
: the way you translate the elements of the problem into a different format
Symbol
Problem: problem solvers often make mistakes when they try to
translate words into symbols
Matrices
Matrix
: which is
a grid consisting of rows and columns; it that shows all possible combinations of items
Diagram
Hierarchical Tree Diagram
: a figure that uses a tree-like structure to show various possible options in a problem
Visual Images
Good visual-imagery skills also provide an advantage when a problem requires you to construct a figure
Situated Cognition, Embodied Cognition, and Problem Solving
Situated Cognition Approach
: we often use helpful information in our immediate environment to create spatial representations
Our ability to solve a problem is tied into the specific physical and social context in which we learned to solve that problem
Embodied Cognition Approach
: we often use our own body and our own motor actions, in order to express our abstract thoughts and knowledge
We solve certain kinds of
problems more quickly or more accurately if we are allowed to move parts of our body