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Paper #2 Lagström 2015 AVIP - Autonomous vehicles´ interaction with…
Paper #2
Lagström 2015
AVIP - Autonomous vehicles´ interaction with pedestrians
Abstract
topic: how pedestrians will experience AVs and interact with them
purpose
if there is a need
to
enhance
the vehicle’s
ability to communicate
with pedestrians when introducing automated driving
how
the
interaction
between pedestrians and AVs
was
affected
by introducing an external communication interface
project framework
gathering of pedestrians' emotional experiences
Self-assessment manikin tool (SAM)
Verbal comments
wizard of oz approach
Als Wizard-of-Oz-Experiment wird in der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion ein Experiment bezeichnet, bei dem ein Mensch (Proband) annimmt, mit einem autonomen (im Sinne der Künstlichen Intelligenz) System zu kommunizieren, in Wirklichkeit aber ein anderer Mensch im Verborgenen die Reaktionen des Systems erzeugt.
observations and interviews
results
pedestrians have a need of knowing when a vehicle is in automated driving mode
driver’s inattentive behavior otherwise is interpreted as
uncertain and dangerous
modes
prototype that communicates the vehicle’s
current driving mode
and
intentions
to the pedestrians (LED strip)
“in automated driving mode”
“is about to yield”
“is resting”
“is about to start”
evaluation
pedestrians were able to understand the signals conveyed by the interface, and that they were confident in their interpretation of the signals, after only a short training.
interface replaced the role of the driver in encounters with the automated vehicle, and even
excelled
today’s interaction as the communication was clearer and available earlier.
1 Introduction
1.1 Problem Description
1.2 Project
2 Earlier Concepts on the subject
2.1 CONCEPTS FROM VIKTORIA SWEDISH ICT AND INTERACTIVE INSTITUTE
2.1.1 VISUAL
LED GRILL
LED Matrix that display signals on a 2-dimensional plane
hair metaphor: lines in the grill follow the airflow
light signal following the pedestrian
LED WINDSHIELD
light signals for stopping and starting to drive off
LASER PROJECTION
projected stopping line
disappears when car is about to drive off
2.1.2 AUDITORY
Four different audio concepts
2.1.3 OTHERS
GESTURES
sensors that recognize the pedestrian’s gestures, such as waving.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Dedicated infrastructure could be used to display information.
WEARABLE DEVICES
2.2 CONCEPTS FROM OTHER SOURCES
2.2.1 LUXURY IN MOTION
Mercedes F 015
LED lights for communicating in the front and rear, and projected
laser messages
verbal communication
2.2.2 AEVITA
biomimetic vehicle-to-pedestrian communication concept for autonomously operated electric vehicles (Pennycooke, 2012)
directional- speakers and headlights
lights in the wheels that changes color depending on the proximity of the pedestrian
folding joint mechanism which is used to change appearance and communicate things like activity and aggressiveness of the vehicle
2.2.3 AutonoMI
uses a display which light indication points towards the pedestrian. This indicate that he or she has been noticed as the light follows the pedestrian across the road
2.3 IMPLICATIONS FOR THIS PROJECT
THEORY
3.1 AUTOMATED VEHICLES
3.2 HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION
3.3 CIRCUMPLEX MODEL OF AFFECT
METHODS
4.1 DATA COLLECTION METHODS
4.1.1 Observations
4.1.2 INTERVIEW
4.1.3 WIZARD OF OZ
4.1.4 QUESTIONNAIRE
4.1.5 Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM)
4.2 ANALYSIS TOOLS
4.3 CREATIVITY METHODS
4.4 VISUALIZATION METHODS
4.5 EVALUATION METHODS
PHASE 1: THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE DRIVER
5.1 STATE-OF-THE-ART STUDY
5.2 FIELD OBSERVATION STUDY
5.3 QUESTIONAIRE STUDY
5.4 CONCLUSIONS FROM PHASE 1
PHASE 2: DESIGN
6.1 USE CONTEXT
6.2 INTERFACE CHARECTERISTICS
6.3 SIGNAL DESIGN
6.4 CONCEPT EVALUATION
6.5 FINAL CONCEPT
AVIP PROTOTYPE
7.1 HARDWARE
7.2 SOFTWARE
7.3 INSTALLATION
PHASE 3: IMPACT OF DESIGN SOLUTION
8.1 FIELD TEST OF THE AVIP SYSTEM
8.2 CONCLUSIONS FROM PHASE 3
DISCUSSION
9.1 RESULTS
9.2 PROCESS
9.3 METHODS
9.4 SUSTAINABILITY AND ETHICS
9.5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE WORK
CONCLUSIONS