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STALIN
image (REASONS TO END THE NEP (Economic (Desire to rapidly…
STALIN
REASONS TO END THE NEP
Economic
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Countryside overpopulated - mechanised, collectivised farming would allow peasants to move into towns and cities
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Ideological
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NEP had capitalist elements, which were not acceptable
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5 YEAR PLANS
First - 1928-1922
Aims:
- Increase production by 300%
- Focus on the development of coal, iron&steel, oil + machinery
- Double the output from industries such as chemical industry
SUCCESSES
- Learning experiment
- Provoked an enthusiastic response
- Electricity output trebled , coal + iron output doubled, steel production increased by a third
FAILURES
- Plan not based on secure data
- Targets not actually met in 4 years
- Targets for chemical industry neglected
- Too few workers and too little coordination for effective development
Second - 1933-1937
Aims:
- Continue the development of heavy industry
- Promote the growth of light industries, such as chemicals, electrics, and consumer goods
- Develop communications
- Foster engineering and tool-making.
SUCCESSES
- Moscow Metro, Volga canal, Dnieprostroi Dam
- Electrical production, chemical industry grew rapidly
- Steel output x3, Coal x2
- Virtually self-sufficient in metal goods
FAILURES
- Oil production failed to meet targets
- Little increase in consumer goods
- Quantity > Quality = bad
- Still had to rely on American imports
Third - 1938 - 1942
Aims:
- Develop heavy industry
- *Rapid rearmament (Nazi threat)
Complete transition to communism
SUCCESSES
- Strong growth in machinery + engineering
- Rearmament, tanks, aircraft, weapons
FAILURES
- Varied across the country
- Steel production stagnated
- Oil failed to meet targets + caused an oil crisis
- Consumer goods once again lowest priority
- Purges meant lack of good management etc
- Exceptionally hard winter