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Chemical Periodicity (THE HALOGENS (Group 7) (Properties: (Bromine—Br2…

- - - - Pale yellow gas
      - Very toxic
    - - Pale green gas
      - Dense
      - Forms a colourless solution in water
      - Toxic
    - - Dense
      - Dark red liquid
      - Gives off red-brown vapour
      - Toxic and corrosive
      - Forms an orange solution in water
      - Forms an orange solution in organic solvents
    - - Dark grey solid
      - Sublimes to give a purple vapour
      - Forms a brown solution in water
      - Forms a purple solution in organic solvents
  - - - » Outer shell is further from the nucleus
        » More atomic shielding
        » Harder to attract an electron to fill the outer shell
  - - - Chlorine + Sodium Bromide –––> Sodium Chloride + Bromine
      - Chlorine + Sodium Iodide –––> Sodium Chloride + Iodine
      - Bromine + Sodium Iodide –––> Sodium Bromide + Iodine
  - - - Halide solution + nitric acid + silver nitrate
      - Forms precipitate
        
        AgCl: White
        
        AgBr: Cream
        
        AgI: Yellow
  - - - Does not dissolve in other solutions
      - Solution is acidic
      - Hydrochloric Acid = HCl(aq)
- - - - Li, Na, K—float on water
    - - Rapidly tarnish by reacting with oxygen when exposed to air
    - - Can be easily cut with a knife
    - - Caesium melts in the hand
    - - Except for Caesium—pale gold
    - - Most reactive metal group
      - Stored under oil or in an Argon atmosphere to prevent reaction with Oxygen and moisture in the air
  - - - 4Na(s) + O2(g) –––> 2Na2O(s)
    - - 2K(S) + 2H2O(l) –––> 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)
      - Presence of hydroxide product can be shown by adding indicator to the water
      - Observations:
        
        Reacts vigorously
        
        Moves around on the surface of the water
        
        Effervesces
        
        Appears to disappear