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Ivan_Lujan_Block5_MM6 (Electron Transport Chain (Collection of molecules…

- - - - These electrons then flow down the ETC by shuttling between carrier proteins (I, II, Q, III, C, and IV).
        
        When the electrons arrive at Complex IV, they are donated to O2, causing the newly reduced oxygen to bind 2 free protons to form water. During this process Complex I, III and IV are also proton pumps that move H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
  - - - Product: 3 ATP per NADH 2 ATP per FADH2 The ETC is a series of redox reactions. NADH and FADH2 vary in how they impact ATP production. Since NADH delivers
      - to Complex I, its electron pairs pass through all three proton pumps at Complex I,
      - III, and IV (see the above figure). However, because FADH2 delivers to Complex II,
      - its electron pairs pass through only the two pumps at Complex II and IV, but not at
      - Complex I. Each time an electron pair passes through a pump, an ATP molecule is
      - produced. Thus, each NADH accounts for 3 ATPs, while each FADH2 accounts for
      - only 2 ATPs.
- - - - Carbon dioxide, water, and energy produced
        
        Energy as ATP + Heat
      - Organic compounds such as Glucose
    - - NAD+ is and electron carrier
      - ETC is a series of energy releasing steps
        
        Results in ATP and H2O
    - - Glycolysis
        
        Occurs in cytosol
        
        Break down of glucose
        
        Truns into two pyruvate
      - Citric acid cycle
        
        Takes place in mitochondrial matrix
        
        Oxidizes A derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide finishing the breakdown of glucose
- - - - Phosphorylated by hexokinase
        
        Converted into fructose 6 phosphate
        
        ATP is used as enzyme to transfer phosphate group
        
        Split into two different three carbon sugars
  - - - ATP produced and 3-Phophoglycerate
        
        Enzyme relocates phosphate to 2-Phosphoglycerate
        
        Double bond changing it to Phophoenolpyruvate
        
        More ATP produced from transferring of Phosphate group
        
        2 pyruvates produced
- - - - Citrate converted to its isomer
        
        looses a CO2 molecule reducing NAD+ to NADH
        
        Another CO2 is lost And NAD+ to NADH
        
        CoA is displaced Forming succinate
        
        Two hydorgens transferred to FAD forming FADH2
        
        Water molecule added
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Pyruvate is reduced by NADH to form lactate with Co2
        
        done in muscle cells when oxygen is scrace
    - - carbon dioxide removed from pyruvate
        
        converted to Acetaldehyde
        
        reduced by NADH to ethanol
        
        Then generates NADH contiunosly in a cycle