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Unit 1: Types and components of a computer system (Impact of emerging…
Unit 1: Types and components of a computer system
Hardware
External
Internal
Internal hard disk drive/ solid state drive
-storing data, files and system and application software
FAST DATA TRANSFER
LARGE CAPACITY TO STORE DATA
Video Card
-allow computer to send graphical information to a video display such as monitor, television or projector
-connect to motherboard
Read-only memory
"non-volatile memory"
-store information that needs to be permanent
-configuration data for a computer system
-boot file( BIOS)
Sound Card
-allow user to record sound input from a microphone connected to the computer
-manipulate sounds stores on a disk
-use FM synthesis and wavetable synthesis to translate digital to analogue
Random access memory
"volatile memory"
-internal chip where data is temporarily stored
-stores data, files or OS
contents are lost when computer is turned off
Motherboard
-printed circuit board
connect computer devices
Definition
physical parts of the computer
Software
System
programs that allow the hardware to run properly and allow the user to communicate with the computer
Compiler
translate HLL(high level language)into machine code
Linkers
take more than one object from the compiler and combine into a single programme to be run by computer
device driver
allows more hardware devices to communicate with the OS
Operating system
-manages basic functions
-running in the background of a computer system
Tasks
-control operation of input, output and backing storage devices
-supervising applications program
-dealing with errors
-maintaining security of whole system
-maintaining a computer log
-user interface
CLI: programmer, analyst, technician
-developing new software
-locate errors and remove them
-initiate memory dumps
GUI: the end user who doesn't need to have great knowledge
-use computer to run software
-play games or manipulate photographs
Utilities
manage, maintain and control computer resources
Application
program that allows the user to do specific tasks
Word processor
manipulate text documents
Spreadsheet
organise and manipulate numerical data
Apps
run on tablet and mobile phones
Database
organise, manipulate and analyse data
Graphics manipulation
software
allows bitmap and vector images to be changed
Video editing software
manipulate videos to produce an edited video
Photo editing software
manipulate digital photographs stored on the computer
Definition
collection of instructions that are run by the computer
Components
CPU
brain of the computer that runs software
made up of control unit, arithmetic and logic unit(ALU),immediate access store(RAM)
HDD/SSD
RAM
ROM
Types of computer
Mainframe computers
large(special, air-conditioned room)
powerful(huge amount of data stored)
multi-user(connect via remote terminals)
-used for banking and insurance
used in government offices, universities
PC/desktop
-internet access is stable as do not need to move around
Laptop computers
Tablets
Smartphones
Smartwatches
Impact of emerging technologies
AI(Artificial intelligence biometrics)
Vision enhancement
Robotics
Computer assisted translation(CAT)
Quantum cryptography
3-D holographic imaging
virtual reality
