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Chapter 14 (degrees of dominance (incomplete dominance (neither allele is…
Chapter 14
degrees of dominance
incomplete dominance
neither allele is fully dominant
Ex. Red flower and white flower make a pink
phenotype between the two parents
codominance
both alleles affect the phenotype separately
Ex. Blood types
two allele variations are possible
Ex. individual homozygous blood MM or NN
can produce a blood type with both MN
complete dominance
when one offspring looks like one parent
ex. When a pea looks completely green
one parent green other yellow
can't distinguish the phenotype
can be either homozygous or heterozygous
there are resseive dominat traits
Ex.Tay-Sachs disease
must inherit both copies of the gene
two laws of inheritance
character
flower color
yellow pea vs green
purple vs. white flower
trait
variant of character
true breeding
generations
F generation
hybrid offspring of P gen.
the first generation is the F1 generation
second generation is the F2 generation
F2 is when two F1 cross
3:1 inheritance ratio
menders model
second, for each character,
inherits two copies of a gene
two alleles
third, if two alleles of locus differ
dominat allele
determines organisms appearance
recessive allele
no notable affect on appearance
first , alternative versions of a gene
variation in inherited characters
alleles
fourth, law of segregation
two alleles for a heritable character seperate
end up as separate gametes
P generation
true breeding parents
crossing of two true bread varieties
hybridization
law of independent assortment
dihybrid
Ending up with a heterozygous
ex.YyRr
expresses only the dominate trait
crossing diffrent homozygous characteristics
Example YYRR and yyrr
homozygous
identical alleles
true breeders
all gametes contain same alleles
monohybrid
F1 parents
heterozygous
two different alleles
produce more gametes than homozygous
not true breeders
cross between same heterozygous
inherited disorders
carriers
those who carry the recessive allele
Albinism is recessive
this is a lack in skin pigment
cystic fibrosis
most common lethal genetic disease
mucus build up in organs
usually born with a normal phenotype
sickle cell
considered a recessive disease
although one recessive gene can have minor impact
deforms the shape of a blood cell
can't carry much oxygen