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SHARED IDEAS (SIMILARITY) (ARTICLE 1 : Smoking Prevalence In Rural Yumen,…
SHARED IDEAS (SIMILARITY)
ARTICLE 1 : Smoking Prevalence In Rural Yumen
•Smoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. It causes annually 6 million deaths worldwide and is projected to exceed 8 million by 2030 (World Health Organization).
•A report from WHO on the global tobacco epidemic, conducted on the population aged 15 years or more in Yemen in 2017 concluded that the estimated prevalence of smoking was 18.7% among both sexes.
•The prevalence of smoking, especially among university students is largely unknown in Arab countries including Yemen.
ARTICLE 2 : Effects Of Health On Cigarette Smoking Habits.
•Tobacco cause of premature death in many countries. The health risks of tobacco are underestimated because of the 30-40 year time lag between the onset of smoking and the peak in the death that is causes.
•Studies have shown smoking prevalence between 3.4%-17.1% in secondary school in Nigeria and main factors influencing smoking habits as peer influence, parental influence advertisement and low education.
•Most smokers in Nigeria’s cities believe smoking is bad for them yet they smoke. Some prefer to buy imported cigarette even at the cost of going without foods.
ARTICLE 3 : Effects Of Smoking On Cardiovascular Function
•Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the European Region of World Health Organization, smoking is the second most important risk factor in the burden of disability adjusted life years associated with about 1.6 million deaths each year.
• According WHO estimates, in Greece 63.4% of adult males and 39% of females above 15 years are smokers while in young adults, aged 19-30 years, the smoking prevalence is 37.6%.
• Exposure to smoking involves contacts with two substances that are specific to tobacco smoke and are known to be damaging to the health (nicotine & CO)
EXPANDED IDEAS (COMPARISON)
ARTICLE 1 : Smoking Prevalence In Rural Yemen.
•It was conducted by Abdulsalam M.A Nasser, Bassam A.M Salah, Luba T. Regassa, Abdulrakeeb A.S Alhakimy and Xinping Zhang in 2017.
•The goal of the study is to determine the ratio, attitudes and associated factors of smoking among college students in the rural area of Hajja, Yemen.
•The methodology is students had given the questionnaire forms and all the data would be used for research purposes.
•The study revealed that a greater proportion of females were waterpipe smokers compared to male smokers.
•The prevalence of waterpipe smoking is predominant among female students and this reflects the fact that cigarette smoking is being replaced by waterpipe use which considered an aspect of a modern lifestyle.
•Programmes need to be established that involve teenagers and youths as educators and they should be supplied with correct and suitable information about the health consequences of smoking to educate the community.
ARTICLE 2 : Effects Of Health On Cigarette Smoking Habits.
•It was conducted by AdekunleSalaudeen, Omotosho Musa, TanimolaAkande and OladimenjiBolarinwa in 2011.
•The survey is aimed at evaluating the effect of health education intervention on cigarette smoking.
•There were 3 stages which are pre-intervention, intervention and post intervention stages.
•The health education was given to the students and it focused on health hazards of cigarette smoking, the strategies for quitting and ways of controlling cigarette smoking in the society.
•About half the smokers wished to stop smoking intended to stop immediately and other could not say when they will stop cigarette smoking. It is because the addiction by nicotine among the smokers.
•The health education demonstrated to be effective in improving the knowledge of students of the danger of cigarette smoking and it also had their attitudes towards cigarette smoking as many of them now wish to stop cigarette smoking.
ARTICLE 3 : Effects Of Smoking On Cardiovaskular Function
•It was conducted by George Papathanasiou, Anastasia Mamali, SpyridonPapafloratos and EfthimiaZerva in 2014.
•The goal is to provide a brief description of the effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide on cardiovascular function.
•Providing essential information that could contribute to reducing the smoking epidemic and its consequences for cardiovascular health.
•Nicotine deregulates cardiac autonomic function and increases heart rate at rest, while it blunts heart rate elevation during progressive exercise and lowers the maximum heart rate that can be achieved.
•Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 chemical substances, including nicotine and carbon monoxide that can harmful effects on cardiovascular function.
•Age, heart rate and exercise capacity is regulated by exercised-induced autonomic control. Smoking even one cigarette can immediately affect physical exercise capacity.