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Cognitive science (Representations (Rule (Rule Selection (Specificity,…
Cognitive science
Representations
Logic
Rationality - Behaviour
Critical Problem Solving
Decision Making
Types of Reasoning
Syllogisms
Antecedent
Propositional Logic
Predicate Logic
Better Patterns
Logic Implications
Relational Operators
Avoiding Ambiguity in Natural Language
Formal Logic implausible psychologically (Mental Model)
Analogy
Problem Solving
When Rules are not applicable/available
Matching and adapting
Efficient
Procedure - AI
Matching Cases
Formulate solution
Suit Target
Computational Power
Adapting Old Solutions
Language: Metaphor
Limitations
Lack of Experience
May be Complex
May be Misleading
Rule
IF (Condition) THEN (action)
Forward Chaining
Backward Chaining
Computational Power
Effect and Cause
Modular: easy to add to
Limitations
Inflexible: Fixed Structure
Difficult to Control, Process, Follow
Knowledge Acquisition is Difficult
Linguistic Rules
Phonetic Rules
Syntactic Rules
Innateness
Rule Selection
Specificity
Operational Priority
Recency
Dependency
Concept
Multimodal
Views of Concepts
Schema
Categories
Parts
Associations
Script
Precedural
Frame
Relations
Concept in AI
Data Structures
Mental Processes
Matching
Inference
Inheritance
Concept Formation
Prototype
Exemplar
Theory
Neurological Plausibility
Conceptual Combination
Concept Hierarchy
Semantic Network
Image
Visual Image in the mind
Illusions
Processing Operations
Inspect
Find/Scan
Zoom
Rotate
Transform
Planning
Psychological Plausibility
Neurological Evidence
Visual Neglect
Akinetopsia
Computer Vision
Weak Comparing to human
Connection
Artificial Neural Network
Links
Excitatory
Inhibitory
Representations
Local
One-way excitatory conn.
Symmetric Inhibitory link
Distributed
Semantic Networks
Contextual Relation
Linguistic Theories
Context-Based Language Processing
Spreading activation
Perceptions
Constraint Satisfaction
Mental Models
Semantic interpretations
Thought construction upon stimulus
Preferred over rule models
Vision, Obj Recognition
Binocular vision
Stereopsis
binocular depth perception
Pattern recognition
Template Matching Theory
Feature detection Theory
Pandemonium Model
Invariant features
Object Constancy
Geons
Feature Integration theory
Attention Stages
Pre-attentive
Parallel Search
Focused attention
Serial Search
Attention
Selective
Shiftable
Sustainable
Divisible
Voluntary or Reflexive
Bottleneck Theories
Broadbent's Filter
Triesman's Attenuation
Deutch Norman's Memory Selection
Multimodal
Capacity Theories
Psychology
Views
Voluntarism
Structuralism
Functionalism
Gestalt Psych.
Animal Learning
Laws of Perceptual Organization
Psychoalanytic Psychology
Three States of Consciousness
Three mental structures
Id
Superego
Ego
Behaviouist Approach
Types of Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Experiments and Theories
Groups
Experimental Group
Control Group
Hypothesis
Variables
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
External Behaviours
Mental Processes
Artificial Intelligence
Mimic Human Processes through algorithms
Human Intelligence
Acquire new knowledge
Apply techniques to meet goals
Wisdom
Data Analytics
Aim: Machine Intelligence
AI Techniques
Knowledge Acquisition
Search algorithms
Depth-First
Breadth-First
Blind search
Statistical Modeling
Evolutionary Computing
Artificial Neural Network
Decision Making
Rule-Based Systems
Expert Systems
Employs Facts and Rules
IF - THEN structure
Challenges
Encoding rules
Representation
Search
Case-Based Systems
Turing's Finite State Machine
Learning
Cognitive Linguistics
Natural Language Processing
Syntactic Analysis
Grammar analysis
Phrase structure
Transformational Grammar
Semantic Analysis
Meaning of sentence
Speech Recognition
Spectrogram
Phonemes Collected
Pragmatic Analysis
Social Rules of Language
Context differentiation
Challenges
Word Vocabulary (update with language)
Storage of Vocab. to produce real-time response
Grammar rules: often not followed
Pragmatic analysis difficult for machines
Applications
Siri
Speech to text
GPS Navigation
Memory
Natural/Artificial
Memory Systems
Coding
Capacity
Storage Duration
Recall
Distributed Memory
Engram
Recall: Brain wide process
Types of memory
Sensory memory
Iconic Memory
Echoic Memory
Short Term/Working Memory
Long Term Memory
Implicit and Procedural
Explicit or declarative
Episodic
Semantic
Memory decay
Masking
Cognitive blink suppression
Neuroscience
Methods of study
Lesion Studies
Case Study Method
The Brain
.
Major Cotrical Features
Corpus Callosum
Cerebral Hemispheres
The Cortex
Frontal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Parietal Lobe
The Hippocampus
Brain Damage
Executive dysfunctions
Visual Agnosia
Prosopagnosia
Hemispatial neglect
Recording Techniques
Single cell Recording
Multiple-unit recording
EEG
PET Scan
CAT Scan
fMRI
Magneto-encephalogram
Neurons
Synaptic Pruning
Components
Nucleus
Dendrite
Soma
Myelin Sheath
Node of Ranvier
Axon Terminal
Synapse
Functions
Electric Potential
Resting Potential
Slow Potential
Action Potential
Frequency of Action Potentials
Threshold
Synapse Transmission
Neurotransmitters
Anthropology
Comparative Cognition
Object Permanence
Transitive Interference
Cephalization Index
The Neocortex
Evolutionary Psychology
Darwin's Natural Selection
Special Purpose Devices
Evolved Psychological Mechanisms
Categorization
Typicality Effect
Selective Memory
Logical Reasoning
Cheater Detection
The Wason Selection Task
Judgement
Heuristics
Fallacies
Conjunction Fallacy
Gambler's Fallacy
Base-rate Fallacy
Representative Heuristics
Sex Differences
Behavioural Economics
Ultimatum Game
Reciprocal Altruism Expected
Loss Aversion
Framing Effect
Choose what is Framed Positively
Affected by Evolution and Heuristics
Mental Accounting
The Endowment Effect
Risk Aversity
Sunk Cost Fallacy
Philosophy
Reasoning Methods
Inductive Reasoning
Abductive reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Branches of thought
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Problems of the mind
The Mind Body Problem
Knowledge Acquisition Problem
Declarative Knowledge
Procedural Knowledge
Consciousness
Dualism
Classical Dualism
Substance Dua.
Property Dua.
Monism
Idealism
Physicalism
Functionalism
.
Qualia
Emergent Propeprty
Centralized/Distributed
Multiple Drafts Model
Cartesian Theatre
Searle's Chinese Room Argument
Linguistics
Language
Grammatical Rules
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Phonology
Sign of Intelligence
Universal Characteristics
Primate Language Use
Arbitrariness
Displacement
Acquisition/Development
A U-Shaped Pattern of Development
(Humans) Critical Period
Language Evolution
Aphasia
Broca's Area
Problems producing speech
Wernicke's Aphasia
Wernicke's Area
Problems Comprehending Speech
Wernicke-Geschwind Model