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Berlioz- Symphonie Fantastique Wider Listening (Sooooooqt & Rooooooqt,…
Berlioz- Symphonie Fantastique Wider Listening
Sooooooqt & Rooooooqt
Tchaikovsky
Symphony No.6 in B Minor Mvt 3
Melody
Main melody heard at various points throughout the movement, including a final climax with most of the orchestra before the end, uses repeated interval jumps and then descending falling melody like the idee fixe
Texture
Harmony
Tonality
Rhythm
Movement III - Allegro Molto Vivace
Begins with passage made up entirely of quaver triplets
Bar 20 (un peu plus vite) section of the Berlioz uses semi-quaver and quaver triplets and semi-quaver sextuplets
Instruments are added to create textural variation
Imitation of the triplet melody passed between strings and wind
Harmony, like the Berlioz section, uses chromatic notes
Bassoon and Oboe play in 4/4 while the rest of the orchestra play in 12/8, creating bars of cross rhythms of quaver trios with quaver quartets
Berlioz, in section D, combines semi-quaver sextuplets in the flute with demi-semi-quaver quartets in the violas
Instrumentation
An audibly new section of music is marked by pizzicato notes in the different strings, from highest pitch to lowest
This marks the first example of pizzicato playing, and shows that in various moments (from the beginning) the strings play divided, areas of pizzicato and arco
Bar 7 is the first example of pizzicato playing in the Berlioz, and it crops up infrequently, mainly for specific notes or phrases throughout the movement. Pizzicato playing is not used heavily in either piece
Mahler- Symphony no.4
Rhythm
'moto perpetuo' features in both (perpetuous movement)
driving constant quaver accompaniment in Mahler
crotchets in bars 198–227 in Berlioz
Melody
ornamentation
acciaccaturas- in opening of mahler
trills-bar 52 violins berlioz
also trills figure 10 cello mahler
long flowing melodies- romantic period
idee fixe vs melody at figure three
flute melody figure 10
imitation between violin and oboe at figure 6
Instrumentation
prominent use of oboe
E1 sections where theres a solo melody (or mvt three with the oboe + cor anglias?)
Massive orchestra
four flutes, three clarinets, three oboes, three bassoons, four horns, three trumpets, standard strings, english horn
percussion- timpani, schelle- a bell stick, creates sleigh bell like sounds at the beginning
unusual percussion- timpani use bagettes d'eponge (sticks with sponge heads) and bagettes de bois recouvert en peau (sticks wrapped in leather)
Berlioz orchestra- !!!!!!!
Cello melody
similar to second time bar (bar 168)-
features leap of a sixth- like idee fixe
lyrical flowing melody
cello and oboe
Programme music
tells a story, creates a mood or an image
Berlioz movement one- about dreams and passions (reverie - passions)
mahler opening uses bells that sound like sleigh bells to create a mood
Daniel, Gracie, Jessie
Emilie Mayer- symphony no.7 in F minor
Compositional style:
Influenced by the Vienna classical style, but later works were more Romantic
Berlioz - typical Romantic
Her harmonies were characterised by sudden shifts in tonality and the frequent use of seventh chords, with the diminished seventh allowing Mayer to reach a variety of resolutions
Berlioz - Dominant and diminished 7th chords eg bar 22 with a dim 7th in the lower string parts and a dom 7th chord at bar 146
She had the tendency to set up a tonal centre with a dominant seventh, but not resolving to the tonic immediately; sometimes, resolution is skipped altogether
Her rhythms are often very complex, with several layers interacting at once.
Berlioz - cross rhythms between the flutes and violas at bar 29
Berlioz also varies his rhythms, an example being at bar 254 just after V with the 2 quavers from U being rhythmically altered to have an additional quaver used as an anacrusis - rhythmic drive, excitement and pushes piece on
Has 4 movements, usual of the time period
Berlioz has 5 movements - breaking boundaries of time period
1812-1883 and written in 1856
Instrumentation
Large string section
cello and violins, imitate the melody in 1st movement
french horn solo in 2nd movement
Berlioz- solo for cor angles in 3rd movement
similar size and instrumentation to Berlioz
Brass
3 trombones - the best instrument
Berlioz doesn't use trombones :(
Trumpets
More use of percussion in 3rd movement
Berlioz has more percussion in 3rd movement, 2 more timpani added
Berlioz uses a big orchestra
Woodwind: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 4 bassoons
Brass: 4 horns, 2 trumpets and 2 cornets
Percussion: Timpani (2, tonic and dominant, C and G)
Strings: 15 of each 1st and 2nd violin sections, at least 10 violas, at least 11 cellos, and at least 9 double basses
Dynamics
frequent changes
Berlioz - extreme dynamic changes, eg at bar 2 with ppp written - Berlioz's precise nature
Lots of repeated sequences - ascending and descending - scalic
Berlioz - repeated chromatic scales and ascending and descending sequences - eg, bar 52 and
Rhythm
Repeated semiquavers in 2nd movement (strings)
German romantic composer, however started her compositional studies quite late on in life - composed 8 symphonies and at least 15 concert overtures, plus numerous chamber works and lieder
Dvorak- Symphony no.9 in E minor Op.95
Instrumentation
Rhythmic similarities: Letter V in Berloiz uses repeated quaver rhythm and anticipation to create excitement. Dvorjak uses similar techniques in the 1st movement os symphony no.9.
THe first movements of both symphonies unusually start slow (Berlioz = largo and Dvorak = andante) and pp with a reduced texture. (Berlioz starts with only two instruments and Dvorak's symphony begins with three.
:
Similar techniques in both pieces including staccato in the violins in Berloiz at figure B and stacatto in the strings at the beginning of the 3rd movement of Dvorak's new world symphony.
Tempo
Written in 1893
cross rhythm between flutes and violas at bar 29. In the 2nd movement of Dvorak there is cross rhythm between the clarinet in A and the first violin.
Both Berlioz and Dvorak use extreme changes in texture and dynamic to significantly alter the mood. Example: P1 - dynamic changes from ff to pp over two bars and texture changes from all the orchestra down to only three parts. This can be heard in Dvorak- 1st movement
1 piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 1 English horn, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns,
2 trumpets, 3 trombones, 1 tuba, timpani, triangle, cymbals, violins, violas, cellos, double basses
More brass compared to Berlioz, eg. Berlioz didn't have any trombones
Beginning of 2nd movement there is a cor anglais solo
Berlioz also has a cor anglais solo in the beginning of the 3rd movement
4 movements
Berlioz has 5, he was pushing the boundaries
Main Idea of first movement is passed from oboe, to String section
Similar to the Idée fixe in Berlioz
Jess and Pia
Mendelssohn- symphony no 4 in a
Movement 1 is in Sonata form
Shows popularity of this form in period
There is not an introduction in Movement 1, which shows how Berlioz has altered the use of sonata form (this would be a relevant comparison, as although Medelssohn is a Romantic composer, his is considered one of the less adventerous)
Half an hour in length
Still quite long, but still far shorter than Berlioz. This could be used to emphasise the long duration of Symophonie fantastique, as longer running times was a feature of the Romantic period.
Does not use a hugely large ochestra, could be used to contrast with Berlioz to emphasise the size of Symphonie Fantastique's ochcestra
Second Movement was influenced by a religious procession the composer saw in Naples
This can be compared to the Religious style ending to the Berlioz.
This movement is far more restrained than the others, which is similar to how the end of Berlioz is far calmer than the rest of the piece
Movement 1 begins with homophonic texture, the same texture Symphonie Fantastique begins with
Use of arpeggios in the melodic ideas of the Exposition, during the introduction of the first subject
This can be compared to counter melodies in bars 30-34, to emphasise the effectiveness of arpeggios in counter melodies
Use of antiphony in the bridge section of the exposition
This could be compared to the dialogue created between the first violins and lower strings at bar 36
The Exposition shifts from E major to E minor (during the introduction of the second subject)
The Berlioz also shows shifting between the tonic minor and major, as the piece begins in C minor and then moves to C major at bar 17.
bruckner- symphony no 2 in c minor
features an idea fixe
appears in the first movement
passed around parts
The score calls for a pair each of flutes, oboes, clarinets,
bassoons
, four horns, two trumpets,
three trombones
, timpani, and strings.
Berlioz uses: two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets,
four bassoons
, four horns, two trumpets,
two cornets
, timpani and a large string section
bold italics are differences
near the end the strings feature a section from his f minor mass
There is a big, ringing coda set off dramatically by the hushed Kyrie of the F minor mass, sung here by the string choir, and interrupted by deep holes of silence and a fleeting image of the symphony’s opening.
link to Berlioz Religiosamente
similar length to Berlioz's symphonie fantastique however bruckner has 4 movements vs the 5 of the berlioz
Bruckner- approx 55-60 mins
Berlioz- approx 60 mins
both symphonies begin slowly with strings mainly
strings use mutes and have techniques such as tremolos
varies between pizz and arco
Beethoven 6th symphony
FIVE MOVEMENTS!!!!
Storm
Shepherds song
similar to berlioz
Amy Beach - Symphony in E-minor, Op.32 "Gaelic" (1896)
Melody
highly chromatic ascending melody in opening passage
berlioz figure S
shows both composers pushing boundaries
Liszt- les preludes
symphonic poem