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static electricity (Static electricity (electric charge; electrons are…

- - - - negative (-) = electrons
      - positive (+) = protons
      - neutral = same number of
        positive and negative (&neutrons)
  - - - energy is passes from atom to atom through direct contact
    - - 2 objects rubbing together. When brought in contact or rubbed together, electrons may be transferred
    - - charging an object without direct contact
        
        the electrons will not jump (unless there is an immense charge,) but instead they will move towards or away from the charge within its own atoms.
        
        electron movemnt is indused ( hence the name)
        
        the object remains neutril but one side or the other will have a charge.
        
        in order for the object to fully have that charge it must be touched to the ground. the charge will then flow out into the grounds and the object will be left with a charge
  - - - insulators; materials that prevent electric charges rom flowing through them. ( e.g. plasitc, glass, rubber)
      - conductors;
        materials that allow electric charges to flow through them easily (e.g. copper, silver, gold)
      - charge distibution:
        -on conductions & insulators
        
        Insulators:
        charged particles can't move through an insulator
        
        charge isn't distributed, the charge
        stays in the same place
        
        example:
        in rubber electrons/particles don't move,
        so charge stays in the same place
        
        Conductors:
        charged particles can move through conductors
        conductors distribute charge
        
        charged particles on a conducting
        material, distribute themselves evenly
        
        however more charge gathers around
        pointy parts (>>) of a conducting material
    - - the rapid movement of excess charge from once place to another
      - e.g.
        
        lighting
        
        socks on a trampoline/carpet
        
        getting zaped on a plasic slide
        
        your hair standing up on end from rubbing a balloon
  - - - they are a safety devise, they help to prevent fires and stop buildings (and people) form getting electrocuted
      - lighting hits the rod instead of the building
      - the charge is attracted to the lightning rod because:
        
        it is closer to the clouds so has a higher force of attraction
        
        the end is pointed so more charge gathers at the end, this increase the force of attraction
        
        the lightning rod is made of a good conductor
      - they carry a charge through a wire, down/up from the earth during an electrical storm ( lighting)
        
        redirects the charge of the lightning storm.
        
        the charge is directed deep into the ground
        (buried very deep in earth, so charges are
        absorbed in a deep reserviour of charges)
- - - - by Conduction (contact)
        
        Electrons move from the charged rod
        onto the neutral electroscope.
        they go on the plate, down the stem
        and into the leaves
        
        all the parts of the electroscope are
        now the same charge, and they repel.
      - by induction (no contact):
        
        due to the presence of the negatively charged rod,
        the negative charges (electrons) in the
        neutral electroscope move
        down the stem and into the leaves,
        away from the negative rod (similer charges repel)
        
        the electroscope is still neutral but all the
        negative charge is in the leaves,
        so the leaves repel and lift
        
        the separation of the positive and negative charge
        in the same object is called induction