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Mexico - USA Immigration (Voluntary) (Push Factors (Social (High crime…
Mexico - USA Immigration (Voluntary)
Consequences
In Mexico
Negative
Emigration causes a shortage of economically active people - thesis known as brain drain
Most emigrants are male, leaving an imbalance in genders (a majority of women). This may mean that women could have a hard time finding partners, thus lowering the birth rate and economic output
Working class citizens tend to migrate, leaving some villages with an high young and old dependency load, and not many adults to care for them
Some critics argue that towns may become too dependant on remittances, leaving no incentives for people to work and grow the economy.
Crossing the border illegally is very dangerous, and many Mexicans have died from the scorching heat of the Arizona desert during their voyage
The high demand to enter the US has created criminal organizations that profit from this
Many emigrants are farmers, creating a shortage of farmers in Mexico
Positive
Both legal and illegal immigrants send lots of money back to Mexico every year, thereby benefiting the Mexican economy
Many of Mexico's problems are relieved once lots of the population emigrates (eg health care, unemployment)
In USA
Positive
Mexican immigrants work for cheap, which benefits the US economy
Mexican culture enriches USA with new and unique food, language, and music
Many professionals migrate from Mexico to USA, bringing their expertise along with them. This benefits the US economy
Beneficial to the housing economy, meaning Americans can get cheaper housing
Negative
Illegal immigrants cost the USA millions of dollars for border patrols and prisons
Some people see Mexican immigrants as a drain on the economy
Mexican workers often work low wage jobs, which may make the wages lower for all Americans
Conflicts can arise in cities due to cultural differences
Many Mexican immigrants commit crime: 68% of all foreigners in US prisons are Mexican nationals
When Mexicans send money back home, the U.S. loses money from it's economy. In 2014, an estimated 25 billion dollars was sent from the US to Mexico
Push Factors
Political
Corrupt government and police systems are possible
Government overly favors large companies over individuals (ex. forcing farmers to give up their farms so that companies can use the land)
Civil unrest in some areas of Mexico, civil wars in some parts
Social
Poor education: only 72% of children attend secondary school
Life expectancy of 72 years
Poor standard of living and therefore unhappy lives
Adult literacy rates are only at 86%
High crime rates and drug trafficking
Homicide Rate is 10-14 per 100,000 people (world average 10.9 per 100,000)
An estimated 47,500 people have been killed in crimes relating to drugs since 2013
Economic
Poor health care (only 1 doctor per 1800 people)
GDP Per capita only at $14,4016 USD
National average poverty level of 37%
40% unemployment rate
Environmental
Poor farming conditions in many rural areas
Due to this, there is often a shortage of food
Mexico suffers from many natural disasters (ex. landslides, earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, volcanoes) due to poor mitigation strategies
Parched arid land, often resulting in a lack of water
Pull Factors
Environmental
Much lower risk of being affected from environmental disasters
Far fewer water shortages in America
Political
Better Political security
Social
Life expectancy of 76 years
Good education - Adult literacy rates exceed 99%
Good opportunities for college education
Much better housing opportunities
Potential family links if family members already reside in USA
Much lower crime rates, better policing
Economic
Excellent (although expensive) health care - with 400 people per doctor
High incomes: GDP per capita of $46,860
Lots of low-paying labor jobs for immigrants like Mexicans. Although they are low-paying, it's better than what immigrants would be making back in Mexico