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social issues (internal migration (challenges (weak law- inter state MWA…

- - - - focus mainly on employment and service conditions
      - less talk of social protection to migrants, education of children, vulnerabilities of women. no talk of inter state co operation
      - provisions like min. wages, regular working hours, medical facilities remain unenforced. indifference of states
  - - - mainstreaming migration in national development palns like AMRUT, smart city, ayushman bharat, housing fro all
      - amend MWA for better inclusion of migrants
      - universal national minimum social security package- with inter state portability in all govt. programmes
    - - inter district and inter state co ordination committees to ensure service delivery
      - capacity of panchayats to maintain a database of migrant
      - migrant labor cells in each state labor department
      - formal banking facilities for remittance transfer
- - - - significance
      - restored immediate arrest provision and immediate filing of FIR. non bailable and non cognizable offence
  - - - feminisation of agri.- a shift in the gender roles in agri.. increasing no. of women in the agri. sector
      - FAO- 32% of women contri. in indian agri.
      - ES2017-18- growing male migration to urban areas-->feminisation
      - ICAR- 75% participation of women in major crops
      - 84% rural women have agri. livelihood
      - oxfam report- 90% contri. in animal husbandry and fisheries
    - - FAO- if women had same resource access as men, yields gain 20-30% on their farms. reduction in hunger by 15% in world
      - export oriented agro industries offer big opportunities for women
      - can propel us towards second green
      - nutritional security
        
        a study found male farmers inclined to cash crops, while female farmers given crop diversity choice chose crops that could contribute to dietary diversity. women farmers can ensure nutrition for children
    - - male migration
      - low level of skills
    - - land ownership- census2015- 86% women farmers are devoid of property right in land. hampers access to credit
      - less access to resources, inputs
      - gender wage gap. gender discrimination
      - inadequate training by govt. programmes in poultry, rural handicrafts, given their large number
      - nil representation in farmer organisations
      - female farmers are excluded from contract farming arrangements, because of lack of control over land and labour to ensure regular productive supply
      - mechanisation and tech in agri will put female labourers out of work
    - - credit without colalteral under nabard microfinance, tech extension, trainng in entrepreneurship
      - collective farming as declining land sizes
      - training through SHGs or KVKs, co operative based activities
      - RKVY, NFSM must include wonmen centric planning