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stress and health (psychological stressors (Frustration: produced by the…
stress and health
psychological stressors
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Conflict: being pulled toward or drawn to two or more desires or goals, only one of which may be attained
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Approach-avoidance conflict = a person must choose or not choose a goal that has both positive and negative aspects
Multiple approach-avoidance conflict= a person must choose from among two or more goals, with each goal possessing both desirable and undesirable aspects
Cognitive Appraisal
Cognitive appraisal approach: how people think about a stressor determines, at least in part, how stressful that stressor will become
Secondary appraisal: involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the stressor
Primary appraisal: involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge
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Personality Factors
Type A personality-Ambitious, time conscious, and extremely hardworking,Easily annoyed,Tends to have high levels of hostility and anger
Type C personality-Pleasant but repressed person,Tries to keep the peace,Tends to internalize anger and anxiety,Finds expressing emotions difficult, Higher cancer rate
Type B personality-Relaxed and laid-back,Less driven and competitive than type A, Slow to anger
Hardy personality-Seems to thrive on stress but lacks the anger and hostility of the type A personality,Deep sense of commitment to values,Sense of control over their lives,View problems as challenges to be met and answered
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Stress & Disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD) = the buildup of a waxy substance called plaque in the arteries of the heart
Type 2 Diabetes = disease in which the body either becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or can no longer secrete enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels
Cancer= a collection of diseases that can affect any part of the body, in which cancer cells divide without stopping
major life changes
College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS) = measures the amount of stress resulting from major life events in a college student’s lifeVersion of the SRRS that includes stressful events more likely to be experienced by college students
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) = measures the amount of stress resulting from major life events in a person’s life
hassles=Little frustrations, delays, irritations, minor disagreements, and similar small aggravations
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Coping strategies = actions that people can take to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize the effects of stressors
Problem-focused coping: one tries to eliminate the source of a stress or reduce its impact through direct actions
Emotion-focused coping: one changes the impact of a stressor by changing the emotional reaction to the stressor
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Immune system = cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that respond to attacks from diseases, infections, and injuries
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Stress= physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging