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Popular Culture (Debate (Concept (Definition (Aesthetic (High art (process…

- - - - Social phenomenon holistically understood with other disciplines
    - - The way people think/feel, their attitudes/emotions are detectable in the kinds of popular culture they 'consume'
    - - Analysis of social actors (individual/group/institution/nation) together with situational/contextual factors, for holistic understanding of phenomena/trends/social tensions
    - - Active audience/consumer
    - - Commodity
        
        Production/Circulation/Marketing
        
        Consumption (acquisition of material things)
      - Consumption and social identity (worldly-awareness/aspiration/value)
    - - Aesthetic
        
        High art (process of cultivating aesthetic/intellectual/spiritual excellence/perfection)
        
        Threatened by 'anarchic' social forces from 'uncultivated' working class/urbanization/ industrialization/decline in traditional authority sources
      - Anthropological
        
        Way of life, pervasive aspect of social world
        
        Distinguishes between different social groups/communities and enhancing solidarity/identity
      - Temporal dimension
        
        Structure of feeling
        
        Passive influence
    - - Oral culture of organic community, characterized typically as authentic character or village/pastoral lives uncontaminated by forces of industrialisation/urbanisation
      - Generated by intellectuals/middle-class (safeguarding heritage) and collectors (of stories/poetry/songs/folklore)
  - - - Factors for rise of mass culture
        
        Industrialisation: disappearance of agrarian work
        
        Urbanisation: breakdown of closely-knit community
        
        Secularisation: decline in power of religion
      - Cultural decline (elitist view)
        
        Standardisation/levelling down and drop in status/cultural authority of cultured minority
        
        Supposed cultural benefits of a hierarchically-stratified society (access to cultural experiences)
        
        Only minority is discerning enough to appreciate good works of specialised art/literature
      - Massification (process of masses having more power in society)
        
        Corrupting influences on society
        
        . Democratization as a double-edged sword resulted in chaotic/anarchic environment, threatened by subversive elements ('bad' culture) threatening to take over realm of 'good/real' culture
    - - Increasing tendency to cater to masses instead of minority
      - What people want to see
      - Corrupting influence