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Stress & Health (super impactful stuff on life (Hassles (Hassles scale…
Stress & Health
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Cognitive Appraisal
Cognitive appraisal approach: how people think about a stressor determines, at least in part, how stressful that stressor will become
Primary appraisal: involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge
Secondary appraisal: involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the stressor
People experiencing a stressor can reappraise arousal
- shift negative effects to positive ones
Participants told they were going to engage in public-speaking task (Jamieson et al., 2012)
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Conflict
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Approach-avoidance conflict = a person must choose or not choose a goal that has both positive and negative aspects
Example: You would enjoy eating a side dish with your meal, but you don’t want to pay more for it
Multiple approach-avoidance conflict= a person must choose from among two or more goals, with each goal possessing both desirable and undesirable aspects
Example: You’re deciding between taking a less enjoyable course that meets more requirements and a more enjoyable course that meets fewer requirements
Immune system
cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that respond to attacks from diseases, infections, and injuries
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Stress
physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging
stressors
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Pressure
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Conflict
being pulled toward or drawn to two or more desires or goals, only one of which may be attained
coping strategies w this
actions that people can take to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize the effects of stressors
Problem-focused coping: one tries to eliminate the source of a stress or reduce its impact through direct actions
Emotion-focused coping: one changes the impact of a stressor by changing the emotional reaction to the stressor
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) = the three stages of body’s physiological adaptation to stress (Selye, 1956)
Alarm: initial activation of sympathetic nervous system .
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stress and disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD) = the buildup of a waxy substance called plaque in the arteries of the heart
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Type 2 Diabetes = disease in which the body either becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or can no longer secrete enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels
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Cancer = a collection of diseases that can affect any part of the body, in which cancer cells divide without stopping
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