CHAPTER 1
BIOCONVERSION
BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
BIOREFINERIES
(CHAPTER 3)
definition
bioconversion = biotransformation
- the use of microorganisms or enzymes
- for the conversion of chemical compounds, biomass, and organic waste = ORGANIC PRECURSORS
biocatalyst (IUPAC definition)
green chemistry vs. chemical biotechnology
green = less waste, less energy use.
biomass (IUPAC)
- relates to density of cells
resources
with 3 main properties
renewable resources
- CO2-neutral
CO2 capture and storage = infeasible
biofuels
- 1st
- 2nd generations
CHAPTER 2
Sustainable alternatives to chemical industry
Example for some commercial products
the most common enzymes used
- requirement of co-substrates?
oxidoreductase
hydrolases
use isolated enzymes vs. whole-cell systems
in organic or inorganic solvents 🚩
immobilization techniques
entrapment
coupling
what is enantioselectivity?
the distinguishment of enzymes for 2 different 3-D molecular structures of the same molecule (rule of organic chemistry).
familar steps in the traditional petroleum refinery
where is the existing biorefineries in Europe = Denmark.
conventional
advanced biorefinery