CHAPTER 1
BIOCONVERSION
BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS

BIOREFINERIES
(CHAPTER 3)

definition

bioconversion = biotransformation

  • the use of microorganisms or enzymes
  • for the conversion of chemical compounds, biomass, and organic waste = ORGANIC PRECURSORS

biocatalyst (IUPAC definition)

green chemistry vs. chemical biotechnology

green = less waste, less energy use.

biomass (IUPAC)

  • relates to density of cells

resources
with 3 main properties

renewable resources

  • CO2-neutral

CO2 capture and storage = infeasible

biofuels

  • 1st
  • 2nd generations

CHAPTER 2
Sustainable alternatives to chemical industry

Example for some commercial products

the most common enzymes used

  • requirement of co-substrates?

oxidoreductase

hydrolases

use isolated enzymes vs. whole-cell systems

in organic or inorganic solvents 🚩

immobilization techniques

entrapment

coupling

what is enantioselectivity?

the distinguishment of enzymes for 2 different 3-D molecular structures of the same molecule (rule of organic chemistry).

familar steps in the traditional petroleum refinery

where is the existing biorefineries in Europe = Denmark.

conventional

advanced biorefinery