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Artificial Intelligence (Machine Learning (But Can Machine Learn?) (The…
Artificial Intelligence
The Artificial Intelligence Approach
Building devices that attempt to mimic complex thought processes
Computer Scientists
(Artificial Intelligence)
Attempt to model human capacities
motor activities
problem solving
*language learning.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
The study of how to make computers/machines do things, which, at the moment, people are better
Focus of Intelligence in AI
The ability to generate new ideas or conceive new perspectives on existing ideas
The ability of drawing conclusions
The process of acquiring knowledge, skills, experience or values
The inner knowledge, without rational process – sixth sense
The identification of the significance, interpretation, or explanation of certain data or information
System Thinking Humanly
Cognitive scientists try to reconstruct theories of how the human mind works
Historical Background
The Jacquard Loom: Ancestor of Computer
Charles Babbage-Analytical Engine: Idea for Giant Calculating Machine
Alan Turing-
Turing’s Proposal: Automated Computing Engine (1946)
John von Neumann-Electronic Numeral Integrator & Calculator (ENIAC)
Cognitive Skills (Human-Like Capabilities) Required of Intelligent Machine
Natural Language Processing
Knowledge Representation
Automated Reasoning
Machine Learning
The Machine Performs
Intelligent Machines: Early Programs
Human Logic
Logic Theorist Program
The General Problem Solver (GPS)
Expert Systems
Applications of Expert Systems
PUFF:
Medical system for diagnosis of respiratory conditions
PROSPECTOR:
Used by geologists to identify sites for drilling or mining
MYCIN:
Medical system for diagnosing blood disorders.
DESIGN ADVISOR:
Gives advice to designers of chips processor
DENDRAL: Used to identify the structure of chemical compounds. First used in 1965
LITHIAN: Gives advice to archaeologists examining stone tools
Natural Language Processing
Joseph Weizenbaum-Attempt at NLP: ELIZA (1965)
Terry Winograd-Semantic Information Processing (SHRDLU)
Roger Schank-Script Applier Mechanism (SAM)
Linguistics & Artificial Intelligence
Preliminary Insights
Machine Translation
Natural Language Processing
Other Language-Related Tasks
Machine Learning (But Can Machine Learn?)
The Nerves System: Neurons
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Application of ANN
Robotics
Robotic: Essential Features
Other AI applications: Machine Learning
Project Cog: The Assumption