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Life Science: Genes and Molecular Machines (Heredity (Phenotype (The…
Life Science: Genes and Molecular Machines
Heredity
Phenotype
The result of genotype.
Physical traits that are shown.
Is affected by the trait given by the alleles.
Genotype
Determines Phenotype.
Determined by combinations of alleles, the forms a chromosome takes.
Alleles are either dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles always show their traits, and recessive traits only show if there are two matching recessive alleles.
Cell Division
Meiosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, Prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2.
Sexual reproduction. (produces sex cells)
The cell splits once, and then its daughter cells split, creating four cells with half of the original chromosomes.
Mitosis
This is how multicellular organisms grow, and how unicellular organisms reproduce.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
A form of asexual reproduction. All created cells are exact copies of the parent cells.
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Bacteria and Archaea fit into this category. Only unicellular organisms can be prokaryotic.
Does not have a nuclear membrane.
Prokaryotes all have a cell wall, like plants.
Eukaryotic
Has a membrane around its nucleus.
Only plant cells have cell walls.
All multicellular organisms are Eukaryotic.
Flowering Plants + Seeds
Pollination
How flowers reproduce.
Cross-Pollination is how flowers reproduce sexually, and mutations occur during this process.
Flowers can self-pollinate if they possess both male and female reproductive parts , but no mutations are created.
Seed Dispersal
Can be done by wind, water, mechanical propulsion (shooting seeds), and animals.
Necessary for plants' survival, as the parent plant could smother its child unless they are seperated.
The scattering or moving of seeds away from their parent plant.