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Language (The problem of meaning (Problematic meaning (Vagueness (are…

- - - - You must know what the sentence mean before you can decide whether it is true or not
  - - - consult the dictionary
        
        coming up with good definitions is difficult
        
        Example: Define triangle, table, love / Explain "red" to a blind person
        
        Only mathematic can be clearly defined, other's definition are fuzzy
      - Criticism
        
        words in dictionary are vague and imprecise
        
        They use other words to explain
        
        endless circle of words
    - - former stands for something while the latter does not
        
        Example: "France" - country in Europe, "Miblolous" is meaningless, because no other words in the world correspond with it
      - Criticism
        
        does not work with abstract words, which don't stand for any things
        
        Example: Point example of "wisdom", "freedom"
        
        proper name
        
        Example: "Socrates" meaningless when he died
    - - word is the mental image it stands for, approximate the meaning in the mind
        
        Example: parrot and human. One repeats, another thinks
      - Criticism
        
        in the mind
        
        other will probably will not understand
  - - - Example: "fast" and "slow" are vague, depends on context
      - are useful
        
        Example: "How many hair must the person have to be bald?"
    - - used to mislead people
      - Example: "The duchess cannot bear children"
        
        does not like children
        
        unable to have children
    - - connotation is the web of associations that surrounds it
        
        is public
      - differs from person to person
        
        euphemisms
        
        Example: "passed away" and "died"^ but "passed away" has peace
    - - figure of speech which makes an implicit comparison between 2 things
        
        My brother is butcher
        
        literary
        
        The dentist is butcher
        
        metaphorically
    - - say to mean opposite
        
        ambiguity to language
  - - - physics professor has clearer meaning what "theory of relativity" than non-physicist
  - - - "psychic powers" to predict future
        
        people tends to accept vague and general description
- - - - Example: Trying to be interesting, but starting to yawn
        
        Body Language
        
        conscious or unconscious body movement and positions that communicates ur attitudes and feelings
        
        many situations info is communicated, but no one describe as language
        
        button 'coffee with sugar', machine can't say understood
        
        Sign language
  - - - we are able to create and understand sentences
        
        Example: 'The wise cow seek shelter when it snows at dusk'. -> No problem understanding and can create mental picture
        
        staggering
        
        10^20 grammatically correct English sentences up to 20 words
    - - William Shakespeare invented 'frugal', 'obscene', 'dwindle'
      - borrowed words: 'algebra' is Arabic, 'Kindergarten' is German
      - new technology - new words
  - - - rules for constructing meaningful phases and sentences out of words
        
        Jill hit Jack: Jill is hitter, Jack is hittee
    - - arbitrary rules
        
        "dog" (English) is "quan" (Chinese), "koira" (Finnish), "Hund" (German), "gae" (Korean) e.t.c
- - - - words don't have equivalent to the words in other language
        
        Example:
    - - a colloquial expression whose figurative meaning cannot be deciphered from it's literal meaning
    - - meaning of word is determined by it's relationship with other worlds
        
        Example: "chat" = 'talk', 'gossip', 'discuss'
        
        Subtle difference in languages