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Cardiovascular System (Heart (Microscopic Anatomy of Myocardium…
Cardiovascular System
Heart
-
Heart Valves
- Atrioventricular Valves (Bicuspid/Tricuspid) = blood moving from upper to lower
- Semilunar Valves = open/close; diastole happens at 2nd heart sound
Layers of Heart Wall
- Epicardium ("Upon") = outside of heart
- Myocardium ("Muscle") = cardiac muscle, squeezes blood out
- Endocardium ("Inside") = lines heart and covers valves
Both Epicardium and Endocardium are made up of Simple Squamous epithelium + Areolar Connective Tissue
Pericardial Membranes
- Parietal = outer
- Visceral = right on organ
- Made up of simple squamous epithelium + Areolar Connective Tissue
-
Blood Vessels
Capillary Types
No Tunica Externa
No Tunica Media
- Tunica Intima = Endothelium + Basement Membrane
- Capillaries = little arteries; exchange vessels
- Continuous = most common and least leaky; in CNS, lungs, skin, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
- Fenestrated = higher rate of exchange, more leaky; in small intestines, kidneys, choroid plexus, endocrine glands
- Sinusoid = big clefts, lots of exchange; in liver, red bone marrow and spleen
- Capillary beds = vessels that come together in a network
Vein Types
- Tunica Externa = Thicker than artery; sample composition
- Tunica Media = Smooth Muscle; less than artery
- Tunica Intima = Endothelium
- Venules = smalles of veins; still some exchange
- Veins
-- Medium = low blood pressure, moves blood forward
-- Large = more tunica externa, less of the other two types
Artery Types
- Tunica Externa = Protects, strength (Collagen + Elastic Fibers)
- Tunica Media = Thickest layer (Smooth Muscle, Collagen + Elastic Fibers)
- Tunica Intima = Internal Elastic Membrane
- Elastic/Conducting Arteries = moves blood from heart, located in aorta, pulmonary trunk & large branches from aorta
- Muscular/Distributing Arteries = takes blood to organs/parts of organs, changes diameter to regulate blood flow
- Arterioles = capable of changing diameter to regulate blood flow
Blood
Blood
3 proteins in blood
- Albumin = keeps water in blood vessels
- Globulin = Antibodies that protect from pathogens, transporters
- Fibrinogen = involved in blood clotting
- Erythrocytes = red blood cells
-Leukocytes = white blood cells
-- Neutrophil
-- Eosinophil
-- Basophil
-- Lymphoctyes
-- Monocytes
- Thrombocytes/Platelets = pieces of larger cells called megakaryocyte
Plasma
- The liquid portion which is 90% water
- Full of 100+ different molecules (ions, sugar, hormones, vitamins, amino acids, lipids, etc.)