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Cardiovascular System Isabel Blackwood (Heart (mirco. anatomy of…
Cardiovascular System Isabel Blackwood
Heart
pericardial membranes
fibrous pericardium
outer layer
parietal serous pericardium
attached to the heart itself
visceral serous pericardium
attached to fibrous pericardium
layers of heart wall
epicardium
visceral pericardium, serous membrane, simple squamous epithelium, areolar ct
myocardium
cardiac muscle
endocardium
lines the heart and covers the valves, simple squamous epithelium and areolar ct
mirco. anatomy of myocardium
intercalated discs
fascia adherens
desmosome like structures
gap junctions
branched
heart valves
pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve
conduction system of heart
sinoatrial node
natures pacemaker; generates electrical signal
uses gap junction to spread signal
Blood Vessels
arteries
elastic
largest, most elastic fiber, more proximal to heart
arteriole
smallest, most distal to heart, can change diameter
muscular
most muscle for size, more distal to heart
capillaries
continous
most common, least leaky
fenestrated
has pores, located in kidneys, small intestine, choroid plexus, endocrine glands
sinusoid
most leaky, located in liver, red bone marrow, spleen
veins
venules
smallest, much like capillaries
medium and large veins
have valves, fewer elastic fibers than arteries
Blood
plasma
liquid carrying cells, proteins and plasma
proteins; albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
transports nutrients and wastes around the body
cells
erythrocytes
red blood cells
transports oxygen
leukocytes
white blood cells; assist in immunity
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
lymphocyte
monocyte
thrombocytes (platelets)
fragments of larger cells
help with blood coagulation