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Cardiovascular system (Heart (Conduction system (Sinoatrial node (Atria…

- - - - Layer that contracts
    - - sqeeze blood through the heart
    - - Gap junctions
        
        Electrical signals will pass from one cell to next
      - Fascia adherens
        
        Desmosomes like structures
  - - - spiral shape: helps squeeze blood out of ventricles
      - Muscle
    - - Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
      - Covers the valves
      - Lines the heart
    - - visceral layer of serous pericardium
      - simple squaous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
  - - - Don't send out blood
      - Blood moves down
    - - prevents backflow from the great arteries into the ventricles
  - - - bundle of HIS
    - - delay signal: while ventricles fill with blood
    - - in a right atrium
      - Generates an electrical signal
      - "pacemaker"
      - Atria contract
        
        using gap junction to spread the signal
  - - - Parietal pericardium
        
        outer
      - Visceral pericardium
        
        on the organ
      - Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
    - - in between parietal and visceral layers
      - Serous fluid in it (for lubrication)
    - - From diphragm to the roots of the large vessels
      - Keeps the heart in place
      - Dense irregular connective tissue
      - Keeps the heart from overfillng
      - Surrounds the heart (a sack)
- - - - Endothelium
      - Basement membrane
    - - in CNS, Lungs, Skin,Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle
      - Least leaky
      - Most common
    - - high rates of exchange
      - Small intestine, Kidneys, Choroid plexus, Endocrine glands
      - more leaky
      - "windows"- pores
    - - Lots of exchange in matrial
      - Liver, Red bone marrow, Spleen
      - Large ,winding
  - - - Smooth muscle
      - Less muscle than artery
    - - Endothelium
    - - Thicker than arteries
      - Collagen connective tissue and elastic fibers
    - - still some exchange
      - 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle
      - Smallest
    - - valves
      - fewer elastic fibers
  - - - Smooth muscle and collagen elastic fibers
      - Thickest layer
    - - Endothelium
        
        Simple squamous epithelium
      - Internal elastic membrane
    - - Collagen connective tissue and elastic fibers
      - Protects
      - Gives strength
    - - Lots of elastic fibers- stretch
      - Recoil- propel blood forward
      - Large lumen
      - in aorta, pulmonary trunk, large branches from aorta
      - Able to move large amounts of blood
    - - Constricting and dilating
      - Smooth muscle
      - takes blood to organs
      - Changes diameter to regulate blood flow
      - It has more muscle than any other artery
    - - changes siameter to regulate blood flow
      - smallers arteries
      - 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle
- - - - Plugs leaks
      - Role in stopping bleeding and clot formation
      - Pieces of cytoplas, a larger cell called megakaryocyte
    - - Basophil
      - Lymphocytes
      - Eosinophil
      - Monocytes
      - Neutrophil
    - - Bags of hemoglobin
        
        binds oxygen
        
        contains iron
      - created in red bone marrow