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CardiovascularSystemSangayThongpatsang.pdf (Heart (conduction system of…
CardiovascularSystemSangayThongpatsang.pdf
Blood vessels
artery
muscular blood cells that carry blood away from the heart
elastic arteries
designed to handle pressure change
Largest
Muscular
designed for blood distribution
arterioles
small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries
capillary
smallest of the blood vessels that are just a cell wide that connect arterioles to venules and is the location where gas exchange occurs
True Capillaries
These vessels from the bulk fo the capillary bed. They brand away from a petarteriole at its arteriole end and return to merge with the metarteriole at its venule end.
Continuous Capillaries
Making up the majority of the capillaries, these vessels have continuous, unbroken walls consisting of cells that are connected by tight junctions.
Fenestrated Capillaries
These permeable vessles have continuous walls between endothelial cells, but the cells have numerous pores and are found in the kidneys, lining the small intestine, and in other areas.
Sinusoidal Capillaries
Found in bone marrow, the spleen, and the liver, these capillaries have large gaps between endothelial cells that permit the passage of blood cells.
vein
vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Post capillary venules
Microscopic. No tunica media, sparse tunica externa. Pass blood into muscular venues. Permit exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and interstitial fluid and function in white blood cell emigration.
Muscular venules
Microscopic. Tunica media has 1 or 2 smooth muscle layers. Sparse tunica externa. Pass blood into veins. Serve as reservoirs for accumulating large volumes of blood.
Venous sinuses
Have a thin, endothelial lining, no smooth muscle. Can be distended.
Blood
plasma
A clear, yellow liquid, composed of proteins, nutrients, gases, electrolytes, and many other substances.
cells
Erythrocytes
RBC, hemoglobin carries oxygen, no nucleus
Thrombocytes
genesis of platelets
Leukocytess
protective mobile army against bacteria viruses, tumors ect. destroy foreign substances
Two kinds are granulocytes and agranulocytes. produces WBC
Eosinophils
granulocyte, reside in intestinal and pulmonary mucosae, phagocyte
Basophils
granulocyte, releases heparin (prevents blood clotting) and histamine ( vasodilator)
Lymphocytes
agranulocyte, immunity cell, yields antibodies
monocytes
migrate into tissues to become macrophages
neutrophils
agranulocyte, attracted to sites of inflammation and active phagocytes
Heart
pericardial membranes
outer layer of dense connective tissue called
the fibrous pericardium.
inner serous part that includes a parietal layer and a visceral layer
layers of heart wall
myocardium
Muscular wall of the heart
endocardium
Forms surfaces of valves
smooth muscle that lines the inside chambers of the heart,
epicardium
The outer surface of the heart
the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium
microscopic anatomy of myocardium
involuntary muscle with intercalated discs. Striations are present
heart valve
tricuspid valve
located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
pulmonary valve
located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
mitral valve
located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
aortic valve
located between the left ventricle and the aorta
conduction system of heart.
SA node
the main pacemaker that initiates each heart beat located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium
generates electrical impulses at 60 to 100 times per minute and is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
AV node
specialized mass of conducting cells located at the atrioventricular junction in the heart.
Bundle of his
Fibers carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions
Bundle branches
transmits cardiac action potentials from the bundle of His to the Purkinje fibers.
purkinje fibers
carry the contraction impulse from both the left and right bundle branch to the myocardium of the ventricles
Specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles