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Heart and Blood Gillian Maxson (Heart (Myocardium (Fascia adherens…
Heart and Blood
Gillian Maxson
Heart
Branches of Pericardium
Serous Pericardium
Two layers of simple Sqaumous Epithelium and arelor connective tissue
Partial Pericardium
Not next to heart
Visceral Pericardium
Right next to the heart
Fibrous Pericardium
Made of dense irregular connective tissue
Sac that encloses the heart
Keeps heart in place
Myocardium
Fascia adherens
Desmasome like structures that keep cardiac muscles in place
Gap junctions
Send electrical signals between one cardiac cell and another
Intrercalated discs present
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Heart valves
Atrioventricular valves
Both atriums closing at the same time
First noise LUB
Semilunar valves
Blood closes valve
Second noise DUB
Layers of heart wall
Epicardium
Visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Muscle of the heart
Endocardium
Indside layer that lines the heart
Simple sqaumous epithelium and arelor connective tissue
Conduction system of the heart
SA Node
Sets heart rate
Generates electrical signals that spread through myocardium
Causes atria to contract at the same time
Sends electrical signals to next node
AV Node
Short delay that allows ventricles to finish filling
AV Bundle - send to ventricles
Blood
Plasma
Extra-cellular matrix
90% water
Contains more than 100 different molecules
Cells
Proteins
Albumin-helps keep water from diffusing out of bloodstream
Globulins- transports for antibodies
Fibrinogen- involved in blood clotting
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells used for oxygen exchange
Biconcave shape for more surface area
Leukocyte
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Roles in immunity
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Platelets or thrombocytes
Not cells- pieces of cytoplasm from megakarocytes
Involved in clotting
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Away from heart
Elastic/ conducting arteries
Most proximal to heart
Largest
Aorta and its branches
Stretch and recoil to propel blood forward
Muscular/ distributing arteries
Has more muscle comapared to others relative to size
Constricts/ dilates to increase/ decrease blood flow
Takes blood to organs or parts of organs
Arterioles
One or two layers of smooth muscle
Capillaries
Exchange vessels
Leaky
Continuous
Most common
Have intercellular clefts- are somewhat leaky
CNS, Lungs, Smooth and skeletal muscle
Fenestrated
Has windows or pores
Creates a high rate of exchange
Small intestines, kidneys, choriod plexus, endocrine glands
Veins
Back to heart
Veins
Medium and large
Valves prevent backflow
Venules
Smallest veins
Much like capillaries
One to two layers of smooth muscle