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Halima.Abdi-Cardiovascular system (Heart (conduction system of heart…
Halima.Abdi-Cardiovascular system
Heart
pericardial membranes:triple-layered sac, surrounds heart
Serous pericardium- closed sac, contains pericardial fluid
Epicardium-lies on the heart, considered part of the heart wall
Fibrous pericardium-strong, outer layer that holds heart in place
layers of heart wall
Myocardium-cardiac muscle tissue of heart, layer that contracts
Endocardium- inside layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart chambers & covers valves
Epicardium-visceral layer of serous membrane
heart valves:open and close in response to blood pressure
Bicuspid: Allows blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve: moves blood towards body, prevents blood back flow into left ventricle
Tricuspid valve:prevent back flow of blood
Pulmonary semilunar valve:prevents back flow of blood into right ventricle
conduction system of heart
Atrioventricular node- short delay to allow ventricles to fill
AV bundle- transmits electrical impluses
Sinoatrial node-pace maker, generates electrical signals
Bundle branches- divide into left and right, transmitting cardiac action potentials
Purkinje fibers- fibers are split into the ventricle walls
microscopic anatomy of myocardium:Cardiac muscle cells, surrounded by connective tissue
Intercalated discs-have fascia adherens-desmosomes like structure
Gap junctions-electrical signals, moving of ions from one cardiac cell to next
Blood vessels
branches for artery types
Muscular arteries-take blood to organs, part of organs
Arterioles-smallest arteries
Elastic arteries-largest, stretches and recoils-propel blood
capillary types
Fenestrated capillaries-joined by tight junctions, only occur in high rates of molecule exchange
Sinusoid capillaries- wide, leaky, found in organs
Continuous capillaries- most common, most occuring in body organs
vein types
Venules- smallest veins, join to form veins
Blood
branches for plasma
Globulins: antibodies that transport lipids, iron, etc
Fibrinogen: Involved in blood clotting
Albumin: helps keep water in blood vessels
cells
Leukocytes:role in immunity,protect body from disease
Granulocytes:Phagocytic, destroy foreign cells or molecules
Eosinphils: destroy parasites, shut off allergy responses
Basophils: Release histamine, other mediators
Neutrophils:Help destroy bacteria
Arganulocytes
Lymphocytes:Direct cell attacks
Monocytes: Destroy by phagocytosis
Thrombocytes:Plateletes(not cells), involved in blood clotting
Erythrocytes:Carry oxygen from lungs to body, contain hemoglobin