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Cardiovascular System (Heart :<3: (Conduction system of heart (1) Sinal…
Cardiovascular System
Heart :<3:
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Layers of the heart wall
Epicardium: Visceral pericardium covering the heart, made of connective tissue
Myocardium: Cardiac muscle in the walls of the heart; contract forcefully to push blood up and out of heart.
Endocardium: Inner layer of the heart, lines the valves and interchambers
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Heart valves
Atrioventricular valves
Right: Oxygen-poor blood enters right ventricle from right atrium.
Left: Oxygen-rich blood enters left ventricle from left atrium.
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Aortic semilunar valve
Oxygen-rich blood leaves the left ventricle and heads out to the body (systemic circuit) via the aorta.
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Blood Vessels
Types of arteries
Elastic/Conducting
Move large amounts of blood, Aorta.
Muscular/Distributing
Distribute blood to organs, ability to vasodilate and vasoconstrict.
Arterioles
Small, able to vasodilate & vasocontrict, 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
Types of capillaries
Continuous
Least leaky, found in CNS, lungs & skin. Most common
Fenestrated
"Windowed", more leaky than continuous, found in villi (small intestine) & choroid plexus
Sinusoid
Leakiest, found in liver and spleen
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Blood
Plasma: Liquid in blood, 10% nutrients & 90% water
Cells
Erythrocytes - Red blood cells, contain hemoglobin and made in red bone marrow
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Proteins: Albumin (concentration gradient keeps water the blood stream) Globulin (antibodies) Fibrinogen (clotting)