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Concept Map 8 (Heart (Heart valves (Tricupsid valves (controls blood flow…

- - - - Parietal layer
        
        Superficial layer
      - Visceral layer
        
        Outer layer,
      - Pericardial cavity
        
        between the two layers, contains serous fluids
    - - Connective tissue that keeps the heart in place
  - - - The protective exterior layer
    - - The middle layer composed of muscle
    - - The inner layer, lines heart and covers valves
  - - - Intercalated discs
        
        fascia adherens
        
        anchoring site for actin filaments
        
        gap junctions
        
        allows electrical cell to cell communication
      - nucleus
        
        Contains genetic code, has ~2 per cardiac muscle fiber
  - - - controls blood flow from right atria to right ventricle
    - - controls blood flow from the left atrium to left ventricle
    - - Controls blood flow form the left ventricle to aorta
    - - Controls blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary artery
- - - - similar to capillaries, 1-2 layers of smooth muscle, has some exchange
    - - Valves, helps blood flow forward and not backwards
  - - - Function: delivers blood to organs through dilation/constriction
      - Composed mostly of muscle relative to other arteries
    - - Has 1-2 layers of smooth muscle. Changes diameter to regulate blood flow
    - - function: move large amounts of blood, stretch/recoil to propel blood forward
      - Found in: Aorta and pulmonary trunk
  - - - found in small intestines, kidneys, choroid plexus, endocrine glands.
      - Has high rate of exchange, more leaky
    - - Most common, least leaky, found almost everywhere.
    - - Large and winding, exchange of proteins and whole cells
      - Found in liver (protein), red bone marrow (red blood cell production), spleen (red blood cell degradation)
- - - - albumin
        
        helps retain water in blood vessels
      - globulin
        
        antibodies that protein against pathogens/antigens
      - Fibrinogen
        
        involved in blood clotting
  - - - Reb blood cells
        
        non-nucleated cells that contain hemoglobin that binds oxygen
    - - Largest type of Leukocyte, can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells
    - - Present in inflammatory reactions, release heparin and histamine
    - - cell that help fight infections or infammatory reactions
    - - Part of the innate immune system, fights pathogens and signals other immune cells of an infection/pathogen