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Cardiovascular System (Heart (Conduction system of heart (Sinoatrial (SA)…
Cardiovascular System
Heart
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Heart valves
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Atrioventricular: Both atriums at the same time. Ventricular pressure closes the valves. First heart sound ("lub").
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Layers of heart wall
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Endocardium: Inner layer that lines the heart and covers the valves. Made of simple squamous epithelium and areolar CT.
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Pericardial membranes
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Fibrous pericardium:Keeps heart in place and from overfilling. Lines from diaphragm to roots of large vessels (3 on top of heart). Made of DICT.
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Blood vessels
Capillary types
Fenestrated: Capillaries with "windows" A.K.A. pores. High rate of exchange. Small intestine, kidneys, choroid plexus, endocrine glands.
Continuous: Most common. CNS, lungs, skin, smooth and skeletal muscle. Intercellular clefts: Somewhat leaky.
Sinusoid: Large, winding. Large items can be exchanged. Proteins and whole cells. In red bone marrow. WHOLE cells fit. In liver: proteins. In spleen: whole cells.
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Artery types
Muscular/distributing: Has more muscle compared to others relative to size. Takes blood to organs or parts of organs. Can constrict or dilate to decrease or increase blood flow. Distal to elastic arteries.
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Elastic/conducting: Most proximal to heart. Moves blood away from heart. Largest proximal to heart. Aorta and major branches. Stretch and recoil- propels blood forward.
Blood
Plasma: Liquid portion of the blood. Transports nutrients, hormones, blood cells to parts of the body.
Cells: Made of leukocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes. Leukocytes (white blood cells) protect the body from infection/invaders. Erythrocytes carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, and bring carbon dioxide to the lungs to be expelled. Thrombocytes help blood to clot to prevent hemorrhage.