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Chapter 4: Fossil Fuel & Nuclear (Energy Uses and Sources (How is…
Chapter 4: Fossil Fuel & Nuclear
Energy Uses and Sources
Fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas
87% of all commercial energy in the world
Energy consumption = bring comfort and convenience
How is energy measured
force over distance, measured in joules
Energy is the capacity to do work
Power (= Work/Time) is the rate of energy flow or the rate of work done
One watt (W) = one joule/s
Sectors consuming energy:
Industrial, Commercial, Residential &Transportation
Fossil Fuels
What?
Derived from remains of living organisms.
dead organic matter accumulated over millions of years
buried under layers of sediments and converted by pressure and heat to coal, crude oil and natural gas
-
non renewable
-1000 years to form
Types of Fossil Fuels
Coal
Origin
ADVANTAGES
: Cheap, plentiful, easily mined
Used for heating,cooking and industrial
Highly compressed organic matter
Mostly leafy material from swamp vegetation that decomposed relatively little
swampy area, covered with sediments overtime, squeezed and removed of moisture
Formed peat overtime due to high heat and pressure
Lignite will be formed with more heat and pressure
Different solids of coals formed
DISADVANTAGES
: Impurities, ash, CO2
Oil
ADVANTAGES
:Liquid, energy-dense, cleaner than coal
Origin
oil rig process crude oil and processed in refinery
oil formed with natural gas bubbling up
Covered with sediment -overtime, sediment puts more heat and pressure
formed in ocean, microscopic life were deposited in ocean floor
DISADVANTAGES
: Impurities, oil spills, CO2
Natural Gas
Origin
Methane Gas
Burned to get energy out
ADVANTAGES
:cleaner than oil and coal, lower CO2
DISADVANTAGES
: methane (greenhouse gas) causes global warming; exploration →hydraulic fracturing →earthquakes, risk of shipping & storing highly-combustible gas; more expensive than oil