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Cardiovascular System (heart (conduction system (Sinoatrial node (SA)…

- - - - is a visceral pericardium of serous pericardium
        
        infiltrated with fat, especially in older people
    - - cardiac muscle
        
        squeeze blood out
    - - lines heart and covers valves
        
        simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
  - - - gap junctions
        
        electrical signals pass from one cell to next
      - fascia adherens
        
        desmosome-like structure
    - - forms the thick myocardium of the heart wall
    - - composed of A and I bands, H zone,
        titin, and z discs and M lines
    - - mitochondrion
        
        nuclei
        
        T-tubule
        
        sarcolemma
  - - - dense connective tissue
        
        from diaphragm to roots of large blood vessels
        
        keep the heart in place
        
        keep the heart from overfilling
    - - parietal pericardium
        
        adheres to the inner surface
        of the fibrous pericardium
      - visceral pericardiun
        
        lies on the heart and is
        considered a part of the heart wall
    - - a slitlike apace
        
        produces a lubricating film of serous fluid
  - - - blood flow inside through this
        
        located at the junctions of the atria
        and their respective ventricles
        
        left and right atrioventricular valves
    - - located at the junction of the
        ventricles and the great arteries
        
        aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves
  - - - pace maker
        
        located in right atrium
        
        generate electrical signal
        
        atrial contract, using gap junction to spread the signal
        
        signal to AV node
    - - delay signal while ventricles fill with blood
    - - bundle of His which enters the interventricular septum
    - - divides into left and right bundle branches
    - - the bundle branches terminate which approach the apex and then turn superiorly into the ventricular walls.
- - - - able to move large amounts blood
        
        most elastic fibers
        
        stretch and recoil
        
        propel blood forward
        
        aorta, pulmonary trunk
    - - more muscle than other arteries
        
        take blood to organs/parts of organs
    - - 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
        
        changing diameter to regulate
        blood flow
  - - - most common
        
        CNS, lungs, skin, skeletal
        muscle, smooth muscle
        
        least leakey
    - - more leaky
        
        high rate of exchange
        
        small intestine, kidneys,
        choroid plexus, endocrine glands
    - - large, winding
        
        exchange things as large
        as proteins, whole cells
        
        liver, red bone marrow, spleen
  - - - valves to keep blood
        moving forward
        
        few elastic fibers
    - - much like capillaries
        
        still some exchange
        
        1-2 layers of smooth muscles
- - - - albumin
        
        helps keep water in
        blood vessels
      - fibrinogen
        
        involved in blood clothing
      - globulin
        
        antibodies
        
        protect us from pathogens
        
        transporters
  - - - bags of hemoglobin
        
        binds oxygen
        
        creates in red bone marrow
        
        transport oxygen
    - - agranulocytes
        
        lymphocytes
        
        mount immune response by direct cell
        attack (T cells) or via antibodies (B cells)
        
        monocytes
        
        phagocytosis
        
        develop into macrophages
        in tissues
      - granulocytes
        
        neutrophils
        
        destroy bacteria by phagocytosis
        
        eosinophils
        
        turn off allergic responses and kill patasites
        
        basophils
        
        release histamine and other mediators of inflammation
    - - created in red bone marrow
        
        pieces of a larger cell called megakaryocyte
        
        pieces of cytoplasm
        
        roll in stopping bleeding and clot formation