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LanPham.CardiovascularSystem.pdf (Heart (Conduction (AV node (short delay)…
LanPham.CardiovascularSystem.pdf
Blood
Plasma
90% water
the remain are different molecules ( ions, minerals, vitamins); nutrients, hormones, plasma protein (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen)
Cells
Platelets/Thrombocytes
disc shaped, involved with blood clotting, piece pf cytoplasm from megakarocyte.
Leukocytes
Eosinophil
bilobed nuclei and large, red staining granules, destroy and digest, stop allergic reaction
basophil
rare, purple staining granules
Neutrophil
multilobed, phagocytosis of bacteria
Lymphocyte
attack antigens, blue staining cytoplasm, dense, spherical nucleus, purple staining.
Monocytes
largest, lighter staining nucleus
Erythrocyte
biconcave, contain hemoglobin, transports oxygen
Heart
Pericardial
Slitlike space, between parietal and visceral layers
reducing friction between beating the heart and outer wall, make moving smoothly, lubricating
Myocardium
intercalated discs: desmosome-like structure, fascia adheren
gap junction: electrical signals for the movement of ions
Layers of heart wall
Epicardium
upon the heart, is infiltrated with fat, is visceral layer of of the serous pericardium
Myocardium
muscle heart, cardiac muscle
Endocardium
inside the heart, deep to myocardium, simple squamous epithelium, lines in the heart chamber, covers heart valves.
Heart valves
Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve: 3 cusps
prevent back flow from atria during the contraction of the ventricles
Left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve: 2 cusps
prevent back flow from atria during the contraction of the ventricles
Aortic valve
prevent back flow from the great arteries into the ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valves
prevent back flow from the great arteries into the ventricle
Conduction
AV node
short delay
AV bundle
bundle of His
SA node: "peace maker"
set heart rate, generate electrical signals, send signals to AV node
Left and right bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Blood Vessel
Capillaries types
Fenestrated
pores, high rate of exchange, choroid plexus, small intestine, kidneys, endocrine glands
Sinusoid
large, wide, large items can be exchanged
Continuous
most common, CNS, skin, lungs
intercellular clefts: gaps of unjoined, allow small molecules pass in/out
Veins types
Tunica externa
thicker than artery
Tunica media
smooth muscle but less than artery
Tunica intima
only endothelium
Arteries types
Muscular artery
more muscle than other arteries, take blood to organs, lies distal to elastic arteries
Arteriole artery
smallest, 1-2 layers of smooth muscles, constrict or dilate
Elastic artery
Largest artery near the heart, cary blood away fro heart, stretch + recoil