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JessicaNyquistCardiovascularSystem (Heart (Myocardium Anatomy (gap…

- - - - Smallest
      - 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
      - can change diameter to regulate blood flow
    - - have the most elastic fibers
      - recoil of elastic fibers propels blood forward
      - move large amounts of blood
      - examples: aorta, large aortic branches
    - - takes blood to organs / parts of organs
      - changes diameter to regulate blood flow
      - more muscle than other arteries their size
  - - - Smallest veins
      - much like capillaries
      - 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
      - me exchange of materials
  - - - Has pores
      - More leaky than continuous
      - High rates of exchange
      - Locations
        
        endocrine glands
        
        choroid plexus
        
        small intestines
        
        kidneys
    - - Most leaky
      - large pores/clefts/sinusoids
      - large and winding
      - can exchange whole cells and proteins
      - Locations
        
        Liver
        
        Red bone marrow
        
        Spleen
    - - Locations
        
        Lungs
        
        Smooth Muscle
        
        Skin
        
        Skeletal Muscle
        
        CNS
      - Most common
      - Least Leaky
- - - - ions
      - sugar
      - hormones
      - vitamins
      - lipids
      - amino acids
      - nutrients
  - - - Oxygen transport
      - "Pinched" shape increases surface area
      - Lose nucleus & some organelles
    - - Agranulocytes
        
        Lymphocytes
        
        Monocyte
      - Granulocytes
        
        Neutrophil
        
        Eosinphil
        
        Basophil
    - - Created in red bone marrow
      - Pieces of megakaryocytes
  - - - helps in the transport of hydrophobic materials; antibodies
    - - involved in blood clotting
    - - helps keep water in vessels
- - - - Visceral Pericardium / epicardium
      - Parietal Pericardium
      - Pericardial Cavity
        
        space between layers of serous pericardium, filled with serous fluid
    - - dense irregular C.T.
      - runs from diaphragm to roots of large vessels
      - keeps heart in place
  - - - moves blood from left atrium to left ventricle
      - chordae tendineae
      - first heart sound
    - - moves blood from left ventricle to the ascending aorta
      - 3 cusps
      - second heart sound
    - - moves blood from right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk
      - 3 cusps
      - second heart sound
    - - moves blood from right atrium to right ventricle
      - chordae tendineae
      - first heart sound
  - - - where electrical signals are passed from cell to cell
    - - desmosome-like structures
    - - located between myofibrils
  - - - uses gap junctions to cause atria to contract
      - generates electrical signal
      - the "pacemaker"
    - - delays signal while ventricles fill with blood
      - tracing nerve impulses
        
        AV node
        
        bundle of His
        
        Bundle branches
        
        Purkinje fibers
  - - - Cardiac muscle
    - - Inner membrane, covers valves
    - - Outer membrane, "Upon Heart"