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JessicaNyquistCardiovascularSystem (Heart (Myocardium Anatomy (gap…
JessicaNyquistCardiovascularSystem
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Arterioles
Smallest
1-2 layers of smooth muscle
can change diameter to regulate blood flow
Elastic / Conducting
have the most elastic fibers
recoil of elastic fibers propels blood forward
move large amounts of blood
examples: aorta, large aortic branches
Muscular / Distributing
takes blood to organs / parts of organs
changes diameter to regulate blood flow
more muscle than other arteries their size
Veins
Venules
Smallest veins
much like capillaries
1-2 layers of smooth muscle
me exchange of materials
have valves
fewer elastic fibers than arteries
Capillaries
Fenustrated
Has pores
More leaky than continuous
High rates of exchange
Locations
endocrine glands
choroid plexus
small intestines
kidneys
Sinusoid
Most leaky
large pores/clefts/sinusoids
large and winding
can exchange whole cells and proteins
Locations
Liver
Red bone marrow
Spleen
Continuous
Locations
Lungs
Smooth Muscle
Skin
Skeletal Muscle
CNS
Most common
Least Leaky
exchange vessels
have endothelium
absent in cornea, lens & cartilage
Blood
Plasma
liquid portion of blood
90% water, 10% components
components
ions
sugar
hormones
vitamins
lipids
amino acids
nutrients
Cells
Erythrocytes
Oxygen transport
"Pinched" shape increases surface area
Lose nucleus & some organelles
Leukocytes
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocyte
Granulocytes
Neutrophil
Eosinphil
Basophil
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Created in red bone marrow
Pieces of megakaryocytes
Proteins
Globulin
helps in the transport of hydrophobic materials; antibodies
Fibrinogen
involved in blood clotting
Albumin
helps keep water in vessels
Heart
Pericardial Membranes
Serous Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium / epicardium
Parietal Pericardium
Pericardial Cavity
space between layers of serous pericardium, filled with serous fluid
Fibrous Pericardium
dense irregular C.T.
runs from diaphragm to roots of large vessels
keeps heart in place
Heart Valves
Left Atrioventricular Valve / Tricuspid
moves blood from left atrium to left ventricle
chordae tendineae
first heart sound
Aortic Semilunar Valve
moves blood from left ventricle to the ascending aorta
3 cusps
second heart sound
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
moves blood from right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk
3 cusps
second heart sound
RIght Atrioventricular Valve / Bicuspid / Mitral
moves blood from right atrium to right ventricle
chordae tendineae
first heart sound
Myocardium Anatomy
gap junctions
where electrical signals are passed from cell to cell
fascia adherens
desmosome-like structures
t-tubules
sarcoplastmic reticulum
intercalated discs
located between myofibrils
Conduction System
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
uses gap junctions to cause atria to contract
generates electrical signal
the "pacemaker"
Atrioventricular Node (AV)
delays signal while ventricles fill with blood
tracing nerve impulses
AV node
bundle of His
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Heart Wall
Myocardium
Cardiac muscle
Endocardium
Inner membrane, covers valves
Epicardium
Outer membrane, "Upon Heart"