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Lymphoid System (2nd lymphoid organs (Lymph nodes (• Lymph vascular system…

- - - - percolated over lymphocytes
        
        paracortex (Tcells)
        
        cortex (Bcells)
    - - paracortex activated
        
        cytotoxic T cells
        
        help Tcells
    - - Moves lymph fluid (plasma-like interstitial fluid) -
        
        is absorbed from the CT back to the venous system
      - Starts in blind-ended lymphatic capillaries
        
        have no tight function b/w endothelium
        
        allow free pass of fluid and marcomolecules in&out of capilary lumen
      - Lymph capillaries coalesce into larger lymphatic vessels that have wery thin tunics
        
        These all drain back to major subclavian veins in
        the neck and empty lymph fluid into them
      - one way flow
        
        folds of the tunica intima create one-way valves
      - no RBCs
    - - cortical nodules
        (germinal centers)
        
        Plasma cell
        
        memory cell
  - - - Bcell and Tcell activation
        
        Germinal centers that house Bcells
        
        • Peri-arterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS) house Tcells
        
        • APCs at the marginal zone between the WP and RP present antigns to the Tcells
    - - old RBCs destruction by macrophages
        (at the marginal zone)
- - - - Complement proteins:
        
        low specificity
        
        BInd --Pathogens surface
        -- lipids and carbohydrates
        
        Bind -- receptors on
        macrophages and neutrophils
        
        product by liver, release into CT
        
        blood vessel injury or
        vasodilation.
      - Toll like receptors (TLRs)
        
        receptor (surface on macrophages and
        neutrophils)
        
        lipopolysaccharides,
        glycoproteins
  - - - activation of an adaptive immune
        response
- - - - bone marrow & the thymus - T cell
      - bone marrow - B cell
  - - - pre-Bcells
        
        expresses a specific
        immunoglobulin protein (Ig)
        
        a single antigen
        
        immunocompetent
        
        leave via venous sinusoids
        
        enter 2nd lymphoid organ
        
        activated by foreign antigens
        
        a self-antigen
        
        clonal deletion
  - - - pre-Tcells
        
        transmembrane Tcell receptor (TcR)
        
        a single antigen
        
        immunocompetent,
        
        @ thymus
        
        leave thymus via post-capillary venules
        
        to 2nd lymphoid organs
        
        activated by foreign antigens
        
        a self-antigen
        
        clonal deletion
- - - - site of develop T cell
    - - for Hasssall's Corpuscles
        
        stimulate Tcell development
  - - - forming a cuff around the capillary
        
        immunoprotects developing Tcells in the cortex
        
        cell has a lot tight junction-> antigens cant pass
    - - split: cortex & medulla
        
        alone w dendritic cells
        
        present self-antigens
        
        stimulate clonal deletion
    - - @ medulla, in whirls
        
        secrets thymopoietin (cytokine)
        
        act on post-capillaryvenules
        
        move lymphocytes out of blood
        
        into medulla
- - - - exit post-capillary venules
        
        CT
      - the passage of blood cells moving through endothelium of
        blood vessels
      - cytokines - induce locally
        
        endothelial cells to express selectins on their apical/luminal surface
        
        an adhesive molecule
        
        These interact with low affinity with glycoproteins and proteoglycans
        
        slow and start the rolling WBC
        @ endothelium
        
        WBCs, which causes them to bind
        selectin strongly.
        
        the WBC is firmly adhered to the luminal surface
        of activated endothelial cells
        
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