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JacklinLako.Cardiovascular (heart (conduction system of heart (SA node…
JacklinLako.Cardiovascular
heart
layers of heart wall
myocardium- middle layer composed of cardiac muscle fibers, thickest layer
endocardium- lines the inner heart chambers
epicardium- outermost layer of the heart wall; composed of maily loose connective tissue; coronary blood vessels can be found here
microscopic anatomy of myocardium
intercalated discs
fascia adherens
desmosome like structure
gap junctions- allows electrical signal movement of ions
pericardial membranes
serous- deep to the fibrous pericardium
visceral- serous membrane mode of simple squamous epithelium, areolar ct, parietal: subdivision pericardium
fibrous- made of dense irregular connective tissue; from diaphram to roots of large vessels, keeps heart in place; keeps heart from overfilling
pericardial cavity- filled with serous membrane
heart valves
prevent backward bloodflow
right side
tricuspid and pulmonary semi-lunar valve
left side
bicuspid and aortic semi-lunar valve
conduction system of heart
SA node
sionoatrial node; "pace maker" (sets heart rate); generates electrical signals that spread through the myocardium of atria; atria contract ; send electrical signals to Av node
AV node
artio ventricular node; short delay; allows the ventricles to fill
AV bundle
Right & Left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
blood
plasma
liquid, 90% water, 100 different ions, minerals, vitamins, hormones, nutrients, lipids, sugar and amino acids
cells
not close together, has extracellular matrix (plasma)
protiens
Albumin, helps keep water in blood vessels
Fibrinogen, involved in blood clotting
Globulins, immunoglobulins transporters for hydrophobic substances
blood vessels
capillary types-exchange blood from arteries to organs
fenestrated- has pores high rate of exchange (windows)
sinusoid- not straight; can exchange large items like proteins & whole cells
continuous- (most common) intercellular cletts somewhat leaky
capillaries bed network- everywhere except avascular: epithelia, cartilage, and cornea & lens
vein types-carry blood to the heart, generally, less elastic
medium-sized: valves do not allow backward blood flow
venule- smallest veins like capillaries
large veins- conduct blood back to the heart; generally have less elastic
artery types- carry blood away from heart
Muscular- construct or dialate to decrease or increase blood flow
Arteriole- can construct or dialate 1-2 layers of smooth muscles
Elastic- stretch & recoil/propel blood: ex. aorta