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1600-1857 Fall of Mughals and Consolidation of the British Rule in India…
1600-1857 Fall of Mughals and Consolidation of the British Rule in India
Mughal Emperors
Babur 1526-1530 After winning First battle of Panipat Vs Ibrahim Lodhi, fall of Delhi Sultanate
Humayun 1530-1540, 1555-1556 Break: Exile in Persia while Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun
Akbar 1556-1605
Jahangir 1605-1627
Shahjahan 1627-1658
Aurangzeb 1658-1707
Farukhsiyar 1713-1719
Timeline of Europeans in India
1498- Portuguese, Vasco Da Gama, Calicut
1595- Dutch, Pulicat
1608- Surat, British. 1600- Signed Charter from Queen Elizabeth for Rights to trade to EIC
1616- Danes, Tranquelbar,TN
1664, French, Pondicherry
All interested in trade of: Cotton, Silk and Spices
Cause of Conflicts between the Europeans and local rulers
In a stiff competition to extract maximum from trade, Europeans started sinking each others ships
Further forcing them to fortify their coastal trade posts
Angering the local rulers, led to serious conflicts
Further forcing the EIC to start politics with local rulers to gain profit
Finally, first EIC Factory was set up on the banks of River Hooghli in 1651
EIC persuaded local merchants to settle near the factory
1696: Fortification of the Factory
Finally bribed Mughal officials to give zamindari rights over 3 villages including Kalikata (Present Kokata)
Persuaded Jehangir and Aurangzeb to issue farman for trade free duty
Duty free trade led to losses of the Bengal govt.
Capture of Bengal
Only 3 powerful Nawabs of Bengal: Murshid Ali Khan, Alivardi Khan and Siraj Ud Daulah
Siraj Ud Daulah was the grandson of Alivardi Khan and despised the Brits for following reasons:
Non payment of taxes by the EIC
Expanding fortification
Causing revenue loss to Bengal
Disrespecting Nawab and his adminstration
The EIC had their own reasons for hating and despising the Nawab too:
Unjust Govt demands
Imposing tax and duties
Not letting to expand trade
Continuous conflict between the 2 finally culminated into
The Nawab marching with 30,000 soldiers and capturing Fort William and taking English soldiers as captives, 1756.
The news spread to the Madras Presidency and the British Naval Fleet under the command of Robert Clive came to rescue
Finally this culminated in the Epic Battle of Plassey in 1757 and Mir Jafar was installed as the puppet Nawab.
This gave the EIC a major push for establishing themselves as major power
Robert Clive was made the Governor of Bengal.
Warren Hastigs who was held as a captive in Fort William was made the Resident of Bengal
Though, Mir Jafar soon revolted and was replaced by Mir Qasim as the Nawab of Bengal in 1760
Mir Qasim too couldn't stand the direct involvement of the Company and revolted too. Joined hands with Nawab of Awadh, Shuja Ud Daulah and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam and fought the forces of EIC at Buxar in 1764
The EIC defeated the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja Ud Daulah and Shah Alma and hit the proverbial final nail in the coffin of the Mughal Empire with the defeat of Shah Alam 2. Mir Jafar was reinstalled as the Nawab
Robert Clive