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FarazKlinglerCardiovascularsystem (Heart (Heart valves (Left…
FarazKlinglerCardiovascularsystem
Blood
Plasma: This is the clear fluid and is also the largest component human blood.
Cells: Begin as stem cells and grow to be either a granulocyte, monocyte or a lymphocyte.
Blood vessels
Artery Types
Elastic Arteries: These are the largest arteries. They move oxygen rich blood away from the heart via the aorta and its major branches. These arteries dampen the pressure produced by the rythmatic contractions of the heart
Muscular Arteries: These are mid sized arteries that supply oxygen rich blood to organ parts, single organs, and groups of organs.
Arterioles: These are the smallest of all the arteries and move blood into the capillaries
Capillary Types: These blood vessels are the smallest but the most important . Their function is to move oxygen rich blood to the interstitial fluid.
Vein Types
Deep Veins: Located deep in the body and are usually close to the artery of the same type and name.
Pulmonary Veins: Located between the lungs and the heart and are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to the heart.
Superficial Veins: Located most closely to the surface and move blood more slowly back to the heart.
Heart
Pericardial Membranes
Parietal Layer: This is the outer layer that lines the outer walls of the cavity.
Visceral Layer: This inner layer that covers the organs
Layers of Heart Wall
Epicardium: This the outer most layer of the heat wall.
Myocardium: This is the middle layer of the muscular heart wall. It contracts to move the blood out of the heart and into and through the blood vessels.
Endocardium: This is the inner layer of the heart walls and is the surface of the heart valves
Microscopic anatomy of the myocardium: The myocardium layer consists of short branching cells with one or two centrally located nuclei.
Heart valves
Left atrioventricular valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Right artioventricular valve: located right atrium and right ventricle.
Aortic semilunar valve; Located between the left ventricle and the aorta pushing oxygenated blood through the body.
Pulmonary semilunar valve: Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk pushing oxygen poor blood into the lungs.
Conduction system of the heart: begins with a group of cardiac muscles cells in the heart wall the receive intrinsic signals via the SA and VA nodes. These signals create the contractions of the cardiac chambers moving the blood through the heart in a sequential and rythmatic pattern.