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Endocrine System (Endocrine Glands (Anterior Pituitary (Gonadotropins:…
Endocrine System
Endocrine Glands
Anterior Pituitary
Growth Hormone: stimulates growth of all cells & growth at epiphyseal plate
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: Stimulates Thyroid
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: stimulate hormone release from cortex adrenal gland
Gonadotropins: Stimulate gonads to produce hormones
Follicle Stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin: stimulates synthesis of milk, breast tissue
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Hormone: increase rate of metabolism
Calcitonin: only active in children; decrease activity of osteoclasts
Parathyroid Gland
Parathyroid hormone: increase blood calcium levels when it falls too low
Adrenal Cortex
Cortico sterioids
Zona glomerulosa
Secretes mineral corticoids- make kidneys reabsorb water and sodium
Zona Fasciculata
secretes glucocorticoids- keep blood glucose levels normal, help deal with stress- long term and short term
Zona reticularis
Secretes glucocorticoids and androgen-> in other tissues becomes testosterone & estrogen
Adrenal Medulla
sympathetic system and endocrine system
Pancreas
Endocrine-Islet cell:alpha cells- glucagon-> increase blood glucose; beta cells: insulin-> decrease blood glucose
Thymus Gland
Thymic hormone: cause the T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent; able to produce immune response to an invader
Testes and Ovaries
Testes: tesosterone
Ovaries: produce estrogen and progesterone
Endocrine Vs Nervous System
messenger molecule
N: Neurotransmitter, E: hormone
site of messenger action
N: axon terminal to synapse-> binds w/ target E: near or far, target cells
types of target cells
N: 3 types of muscle, glands E: various cells, target cells throughout body
Time of onset of action
N: milliseconds E: seconds/hours/days
duration of action
N: milliseconds E: hours/days
General Functions
Major functions
control, coordinate, regulate body functions
Define terms
Hormones
Chemical messenger- travels in blood
Endocrine glad
(true)- anterior pituitary gland, pineal, thyroid and parathyroid
endocrine tissue and cells
GI tract (digestive tract), placenta, kidneys, skin, pancreas, thymus, gonads, hypothalamus, heart
Target Cells
cells/organs that are responsive to specific hormones
Endocrine Vs Exocrine
endocrine- goes into surrounding area--> bloodstream
Exocrine- has ducts
Control by Hippothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Posterior Pituitary
Stores hormones- not true endocrine
Hypothalamus
role of release of anterior pituitary hormones
secrete hormones that stimulate release of hormone from anterior pituitary or secrete of hormone that inhibits hormone secretion of anterior pituitary
Roles of production and release of posterior pituitary hormones
synthesizes two hormones that are stored in axon terminals in post pituitary
oxytocin- stimulates contraction of uterus
vasopression- anti-diuretic hormone, kidney will preserve water