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Deduction Vs. Inductive Forms of Reasoning (Definition :red_flag:…
Deduction Vs. Inductive Forms of Reasoning
Definition :red_flag:
Deduction:
reasoning from general premises, which are known or presumed to be known, to more specific, certain conclusions
Induction:
reasoning from specific cases to more general, but often uncertain, conclusions
BOTH: occur frequently and compelling
Deduction :red_flag:
involves reasoning from known premises, or premises presumed to be true, to a certain conclusion
the conclusions reached are certain, inevitable, inescapable
commonly associated with “formal logic”
Induction :red_flag:
known as “informal logic,” or “everyday argument”
involves drawing uncertain inferences, based on probability rather than certainty
are probable, reasonable, plausible, believable
Reasoning :red_cross:
often structured as a syllogism—a logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion
premises are true, then the conclusion necessarily follows
Starts with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise) and applies it to a specific case (a minor premise)
Reasoning :green_cross:
Arranges an argument so that it leads from particulars/specifics to universals or generalizations; uses specific cases to draw a conclusion
develops inductively and can be true or false
can be considered strong or weak based on vulnerabilities that might be present (flawed logic or anomalies)
involves collecting evidence and then drawing an inference based on that evidence in order to reach a conclusion
More : :explode:
placed on a continuum ranging from cogent at one end to fallacious at the other
can be plausible, possible, reasonable, credible
More :<3:
wide range of probablilty
is “valid” or “invalid”