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HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY (Health psychology: psychology influences health…

- - - - poor health practices eg sleep, eat
      - direct innervation (nerves affect immune structures)
      - hormonal suppression of system
  - - - 8 days to heal at the start of the semester
      - 11 days during midterms
    - - high stress people 47% gets colds
      - low stress people 27% gets cold
    - - have fewer immune cells years later
      - researchers say no toxin in the region
- - - - stress is just negative feelings you cannot cope with
- - - - Bad to hold in anger, and to express it. Best to not get angry in the first place
      - Suppression: cause even more arousal than expressing
        
        study gay men exposed to HIV in 1980s - gay men who suppressed by concealing identity die faster
        
        show steel magnolia for what???
      - Depression: if feel hopeless, usually more risk of heart disease
        
        pessimist - correlate with heart disease,not sure about causality: expect things to go bad, beyond my control
        
        Study: view funny movie = higher immune function, view sad movie = lower immune function
        
        pessimist/optimist study looks at - depression, achievement, physical health and longevity
        
        optimists: more control, cope better with stress, health
        
        people can learn to become optimistic
- - - - problem focused coping: attempt to alleviate stress by changing stressor/way we interact with it
      - emotion focused coping: attempt to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring stressor ad attending to emotional needs related to stress reaction
  - - - study: ppl in nursing homes
        
        if tell them everything is provided for, more likely to die
        
        if tell them that they need to initiate what they want changed, they live longer
      - illusionary sense of control benefits people, as long as not too many options
      - Seligman: 3 dimentions of attributional style
        
        global / specific - affect everything you do?
        
        external / internal - blame self or envi
        
        stable / unstable - enduring?
        
        Study: Learned helplessness
        
        dog that has been exposed to repeated shocks won't try to escape; dog that hasn't can easily escape
    - - people think they are better than average
      - sometimes, if given realistic acceptance like HIV patients die faster
    - - Buffering hypothesis:you are fine alone if things are okay, if sad, need people to help
        
        egv breast cancer support group lived 18 months longer
      - social support not always available
      - social support not always helpful
        
        if it is minimizing: saying it'll be ok
        
        advice
        
        if stigma around sth is high eg HIV, then not helpful
    - - bad events make sense/ finding silver linings
      - religion - makes you live longer
        
        possibly bc promtoe healthier behavior, social support, positive emotion like hope, optimism and coherence
    - - aerobic: increase heart and lung fitness
      - relaxation and meditation
        
        biofeedback: system of recording, amplifying and feeding back info about subtle physiological responses - now deduced to only work with headaches
        
        relaxation - helps type As calm down
        
        meditation improves mindfulness: attend to inner state an mentality, scan body and breathe
        
        strengthens connections in brain region
        
        activate brain region associated with reflective awareness
        
        calms brain activation in emotional situations
- - - - heart speeds up, no disgestion, bladder relaxes (pee less), ejaculation
      - trigger hypothalamus -> pituitary gland -> adrenal gland
      - Hpa axis cortisol released- suppresses immune system, adrenaline released
    - - heart slows, digest, bladder contracts (pee more), erection