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Human Geography (What Is Human Geo? (Cartography: maps can be used to wage…
Human Geography
What Is Human Geo?
Human Geo: spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities and landscapes
Physical Geo: spatial analysis of the structure, processes, and location of the Earth's natural phenomena (climate, soil, plants, animals, topography)
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Sense of Place: state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labelling a place with a certain character
Place matters: where we are affects our life chances- success or failure, health, happiness, life and death
Region: an area marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity
Formal Region: a region defined by physical or cultural criteria
Functional Region: a region defined by the set of activities or interactions within it
Perceptual Region: a region that only exists as an idea; not physically demarcated
5 Themes of Geography: location, region, place, landscape, movement
Cartography: maps can be used to wage war, promote political propaganda, solve medical problems, locate shopping centres, guide refugees, and warn of natural hazards
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Thematic maps: tell stories, showing the degree of some attribute
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Globalization
Neoliberalism: an ideologically driven set of practices that seek to open and expand capitalist markets, reduce or eliminate government regulation and constraint of the free market, and develop frameworks that enhance global market processes
The World Bank and IMF have been considered to be ‘agents’ of the rich countries, as loans are offered to poor countries, but only if western countries are given free access to their markets. In numerous cases, the effects of these neoliberalist policies have been detrimental, resulting in the poor simply getting poorer as their public services and jobs are cut off to pay large debts.
Countries that engage in free trade reforms see considerable accelerations in economic development relative to the control group, such that the income per capita of the liberalizers is 25% higher after a quarter century
Neoliberalism is actually helping people with employment, and although sweatshops aren’t ideal places to work, they allow workers to make enough money to support their families.
Staples thesis: the theory that Canada's economy developed through the export of raw resources to Europe and that, as a result, Canada did not develop a strong manufacturing base, preferring to import finished goods
Free Trade Zones (FTZs): areas set aside within countries to make foreign investment and trade easier
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Population
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2 potential kinds of checks on population growth that could stall the inevitability of a population exceeding food supply: war, famine, disease and marrying later
3 major global efforts to control population: government and NGOs, agricultural advances, the spread of new technology
Rate of natural increase, crude birth rates, and crude death rates
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Political Geography
State: a politically organized entity that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community
A state has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states
Sovereignty: final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states
Boundary: vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below and the airspace above the surface, dividing one state territory from another
Establishing a boundary between two states typically involves four steps: define, delimit, demarcate, and administrate
Boundary disputes take four principle forms: definitional, locational, operational, allocational
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Nation-state: a recognized member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation.
Multinational states, stateless nations and multistate nations
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Migration
Human movement speeds the diffusion of ideas and innovations, intensifies spatial interaction, and transforms regions
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Refugees: people who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country
Since 9/11, integration policies in North America have incorporated new security concerns
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