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Muscular system (Body movement (Flexion (Movement that decreases, angle of…
Muscular system
Body movement
Flexion
Movement that decreases, angle of joint
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Sliding filament theory
- The nerve impulse or action potential travels down sarcolemma and into t-tubules causing sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca++ into sarcoplasm.
- Ca++ binds to actin myofilament exposing the myosin binding site.
- Myosin attaches to actin which forms actin/myosin cross bridges.
- Myosin head moves towards the M line of sarcomere which pulls actin filaments past myosin.
- This action is repeated many times powered by the ATP.
The Z line gets closer together as actin and myosin filaments slide past each other and sarcomeres shorten the entire myofibril.
Skeletal muscles
Arms/shoulder muscles
Bicep brachii
Located on the front part of the upper arm between the shoulder.It supinates forearm and flexes elbow.
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Arm/forearm
Tricep brachii
It runs on the humerus between the shoulder and elbow.The movement is the extension and retraction of the forearm.
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Extensor carpi radialis
One of five main muscles that control the movements of the wrist. It starts on the lateral side of the humerus and attaching itself to the second metacarpal bone.
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Trunk
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Rectus abdiminis
Located on the front of the body. It starts at the beginning of pubic bone and ends in the sternum. This flexes vertebral column.
External oblique
Located on outermost surface of abdomen on each side of rectus abdominis. It flexes and rotates vertebral column.
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Muscle tissue
Skeletal
Cells are long, cylindrical, parallel, multinucleated. They are attached by tendons to bones. The striations are visible and it is voluntary.
Cardiac
Cells are long, cylindrical, branched, has single central nucleus. This has striations and it forms the heart wall. This type of tissue is involuntary. The cardiac is also joined to another cell at intercalated disc.
Smooth
Spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus. No striations and it is found mainly in the hollow walls of the organs and eyes. It is also a involuntary.
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