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Altered hormonal & metabolic functions (Diabetes Insipidus (DI)…
Altered hormonal & metabolic functions
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive stimulation of thyroid gland
Excess production of TSH
Clinical Manifestations
Goiter
Exophthalamos
Diagnostic criteria
Laboratory studies
Elevated levels of T3 and T4
Physical examination
Treatment
Radioactive Iodine
Oral thyroid hormone replacement therapy
SIADH
Excessive production & release of ADH
Clinical Manifestations
Disorientation
Muscle cramps
Diagnostic criteria
Laboratory findings
Hyponatremia
Hypotonicity
Treatment
Water restriction
Hypertonic IV solutions
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Insufficient production of ADH
Ineffective secretion by posterior pituitary
Nephrogenic DI
Clinical Manifestations
Polyuria
Severe Dehydration
Diagnostic criteria
Physical examinatin
Laboratory findings
Urine osmolality less than 200mOsm/kg
Treatment
Hydration
Desmopressin
Hypothyroidism
lack of thyroid gland development
issues with synthesis of thyroid hormone
issues with TSH secreton
Clinical Manifestations
Myxedema
Weigh gain
Diagnostic criteria
Laboratory findings
elevated TSH
Physical examination
Treatment
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
levothyroxine
Cushing Syndrome
High levels of endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
Clinical manifestations
Hirsutism
Obesity of trunk, face, & upper back
Diagnostic criteria
24 hour urine collection
elevated cortisol levels
Treatment
Corticosteroids
Radiation
Addison Disease
lack of secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex
Adrenal cortical insufficiency
Clinical Manifestations
Hyperpigmentation
anorexia
Diagnostic criteria
Laboratory findings
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Treatment
Isotonic IV fluid with hydrocortisone sodium succinate
Oral replacement of glucocorticoid & mineralocorticoid